"New World" (Leyden Edition, 1625-6) of the general locative of the name on the Hudson: "Within the first reach, on the west side of the river, where the land is low, dwells a nation of savages named _Tappaans,_" presumably so named by the Dutch from the place where they had jurisdiction, _i. e._ the low lands. Specifically, De Vries wrote in 1639, _Tappaen_ as the name of a place where he found and purchased, "A beautiful valley of clay land, some three or four feet above the water, lying under the mountains, along the river," presumed to have been in the meadows south of Piermont, into which flows from the mountains Tappan Creek, now called Spar Kill, [FN-2] as well as the overflow of Tappan Zee, of which he wrote without other name than "bay": "There flows here a strong flood and ebb, but the ebb is not more than four feet on account of the great quantity of water that flows from above, overflowing the low lands in the spring," converting them into veritable soft lands. _Gamænapaen,_ now a district in Jersey City, was interpreted by the late Judge Benson, "Tillable land and marsh." Dr. Trumbull wrote: "_Petuckquapaugh,_ Dumpling Pond (round pond) gave name to part of the township of Greenwich, Ct. The Dutch called this tract _Petuck-quapaen._" The tract is now known as Strickland Plain, [FN-3] and is described as "Plain and water-land"--"A valley but little above tidewater; on the southwest an extended marsh now reclaimed in part." The same general features were met in _Petuckquapaen,_ now Greenbath, opposite Albany, N. Y. Dr. Trumbull also wrote, "The Dutch met on Long Island the word _Seaump_ as the name of corn boiled to a pap. The root is _Saupáe_ (Eliot), 'soft,' _i. e._ 'made soft by water,' as _Saupáe manoosh,_ 'mortar,' literally 'softened clay.' Hence the Dutch word _Sappaen_--adopted by Webster _Se-pawn._" Other examples could be quoted but are not necessary to establish the meaning of Dutch Tappaan, or Tappaen. An interpretation by Rev. Heckewelder, quoted by Yates & Moulton, and adopted by Brodhead presumably without examination: "From _Thuhaune_ (Del.), cold stream," is worthless. No Delaware Indian would have given it as the name of Tappan Creek, and no Hollander would have converted it into Tappaan or Tappaen. The Palisade Range, which enters the State from New Jersey, and borders the Hudson on the west, terminates abruptly at Piermont. Classed by geologists as Trap Rock, or rock of volcanic origin, adds interest to their general appearance as calumnar masses. The aboriginal owners were not versed in geologic terms. To them the Palisades were simply _-ompsk,_ "Standing or upright rock." * * * * * [FN-1] _Paen,_ old French, meaning _Pagan,_ a heathen or resident of a heath, from _Pagus,_ Latin, a heath, a district of waste land.