side of the depression of the Shawongunk Mountain Range leading northwesterly from Mohunk, at the south end of the clove known as Mud Hook, near the boundary line between New Paltz and Rosendale, say about half a mile west of the Wallkill Valley R. R. station at Rosendale. I think, but am not certain, that the rock can be seen as you pass on the railroad. It is of the character known as Esopus Millstone, a white or gray conglomerate. I cannot say that it bears the Surveyor's inscription." It is not often that four boundmarks are met that stand out with the distinctness of those of the Paltz Patent, or that are clothed with deeper interest as geological features, or that preserve more distinctly the geographical landmarks of the aboriginal people. * * * * * [FN] The adjectival formative _-alagat,_ or _-aragat,_ enters into the composition of several words denoting "Hole," or "Open space," as _Taw-álachg-at,_ "Open space," _Sag-álachg-at,_ "So deep the hole." The verb substantive suffix _-aque,_ or _-ake_ (_qu_ the sound of _k_), meaning "Place," is entirely proper as a substitute for the verbal termination _-at._ [Illustration: HUDSON'S RIVER FROM BUTTER HILL TO MAGDALEN ISLAND. (From Map of 1666)] Ossangwak is written on Pownal's map as the name of what is known as the Great Binnenwater (Dutch, "Inland water") in the town of Lloyd. The orthography disguises the original, which may have been a pronunciation of _Achsün_ (Minsi), "Stone," as in _Otstónwakin_, read by Reichel, "A high rock," or rocky hill. Perhaps the name referred to the rocky bluff which bounds the Hudson there, immediately west of which the lake is situated. Esopus--so written on Carte Figurative of 1614-16, and also by De Laet in 1624-5; _Sopus,_ contemporaneously; _Sypous,_ Rev. Megapolensis, 1657, is from _Sepuus_ (Natick), "A brook"; in Delaware, _Sipoes_ (Zeisberger). It is from _Sepu_, "River," and _-es,_ "small." On the Carte Figurative it is written on the east side of the river near a stream north of Wappingers' Creek, as it may have been legitimately, but in 1623 it came to be located permanently at what is now Rondout Creek, from which it was extended to several streams, [FN] to the Dutch settlement now Kingston, to the resident Indians, and to a large district of country. The chirographer of 1614-16 seems to have added the initial E from the uncertain sound of the initial S, and later scribes further corrupted it to the Greek and Latin Æ. (See Waronawanka.) * * * * * [FN] The streams entering the Hudson in proximity came to be known as the Kleine Esopus, south of Rondout; the Groot Esopus, now the Rondout, and the Esopus, now the Saugerties. In the valley west of old Kingston was a brook, called in records the "Mill Stream."