striking fire, and a new emblem of their own superiority springing from their ancient emblem. The Delawares called them _Sank-hikani,_ [FN-2] or "The fire-striking people," from Del. _Sank_ or _San,_ "stone" (from _Assin_), and _-hikan,_ "an implement," obviously a flint-stone implement for striking fire, or, as interpreted by Heckewelder, "A fire-lock," and by Zeisberger, "A fire-steel." The French called them _Agnié_ and _Agniérs,_ presumably derived from _Canienga_ (Huron, _Yanyenge_). The Dutch called them _Mahakuas_, by contraction _Maquaas,_ from Old Algonquian _Magkwah_ (Stockbridge, _Mquoh_), Bear, "He devours, he eats." As a nation they were Bears, tearing, devouring, eating, enemies who fell into their hands. Bruyas wrote in the Huron dialect, "_Okwari_, ourse (that is Bear); _Ganniagwari,_ grand ourse" (grand, glorious, superb, Bear), and in another connection, "It is the name of the Agniers," the characteristic type of the nation. They were divided in three ruling totemic tribes, the Tortoise (_Anowara_), the Bear (_Ochquari_), and the Wolf (_Okwaho_), and several sub-tribes, as the Beaver, the Elk, the Serpent, the Porcupine, and the Fox, as shown by deeds of record, of which the most frequently met is that of the Beaver. On Van der Donck's map of 1656, the names of four tribal castles are entered: _Carenay, Ganagero, Schanatisse,_ and _t' Jonnontego._ In the recently recovered Journal of a trip to the Mohawk country, by Arent van Curler, in the winter of 1634-5, the names are _Ouekagoncka, Ganagere, Sohanidisse,_ and _Tenotoge_ or _Tenotogehooge._ In 1643, Father Isaac Jogues, in French notation, wrote the name of the first, _Osseruehon,_ and that of the last, _Te-ononte-ogen._ Rev. Megapolensis, the Dutch minister at Fort Orange, wrote, in 1644, the name of the first _Assarue,_ the second _Banigiro,_ and the last _Thenondiago._ On a map republished in the Third Annual Report of the State Historian, copied from a map published in Holland in 1666, the first is called _Caneray_ (Van der Donck's _Carenay_), and the second, _Canagera._ [FN-3] The several names refer in all cases to the same castles tribally, in some cases, apparently, by the name of a specific topographical feature near which the castles were located, and in some cases, apparently, by the name of the tribe. Cramoisy, in his Relation of 1645-6, referring to the visit of Father Jogues to the Mohawks, wrote: "They arrived at their first small village, called _Oneugiouré,_ formerly _Osserrion._" (Relations, 29: 51), showing very clearly that those two names referred to one and the same castle. What _Oneugiouré_ stands for certainly, cannot be stated, though it seems to read easily from _Ohnaway_ (Cuoq), "Current, swift river," indicating that it may have referred to the long rapids. [FN-4] Chief W. H. Holmes, of the Bureau of Ethnology, wrote me: "According to our best expert authority, an Iroquoian, _Onekagoncka_ signifies 'At the junction of the