Footprints of the Red Men: Indian geographical names in the valley of Hudson's river, the valley of the Mohawk, and on the Delaware: their location and the probable meaning of some of them.Ruttenber, Edward Manning
History
Footprints of the Red Men: Indian geographical names in the valley of Hudson's river, the valley of the Mohawk, and on the Delaware: their location and the probable meaning of some of them.
Ruttenber, Edward Manning
Indians of North America -- New York (State); Names, Geographical -- New York (State); Names, Indian -- North America
[FN-1] "_Meteauhock,_ the Periwinkle of which they made their wampum."
(Williams.) "Perhaps derived from _Mehtauog,_ 'Ear-shaped,' with the
generic suffix _hock_ (_hogki, hackee_), 'shell.'" (Trumbull.)
[FN-2] _Wompompeag_ is another form quoted as Mohegan, from which
_Wompum._ "_Wompom,_ which signifies white." (Roger Williams.)
[FN-3] _Seahwhoog,_ "they are scattered." (Eliot.) "From this word the
Dutch traders gave the name of _Sewan,_ or _Zeawand,_ to all shell
money; just as the English called all _Peag,_ or strung beads, by the
name of the white, _Wampum._" (Trumbull.)
[FN-4] An interpretation of _Paumanack_ as indicating a people
especially under tribute, is erroneous. The belts which they made were
in universal use among the nations as an offering, the white belts
denoting good, as peace, friendship, etc., the black, the reverse. The
ruling sachem, or peace-chief, was the keeper and interpreter of the
belts of his nation, and his place sometimes took its name from that
fact. That several of the sachems did sign their names, or that their
names were signed by some one for them, "Sachem of Pammananuck," proves
nothing in regard to the application of that name to the island.
Wompenanit is of record as the name of "the utmost end eastward" of the
Montauk Peninsula. The description reads: "From the utmost end of the
neck eastward, called Wompenanit, to our utmost bound westward, called
Napeake." (Deed of July 11, 1661.) In other papers Wompenonot and
Wompenomon, corrupted orthographies. The meaning is "The utmost end
eastward," _i. e._ from the east side of Napeake to the extreme end.
The derivatives are Nar. _Wompan_ (from _Wompi,_ white, bright), "It is
full daylight, bright day," hence the Orient, the East, the place of
light, and _-anit,_ "To be more than," extending beyond the ordinary
limit. The same word appears in _Wompanánd,_ "The Eastern God"
(Williams), the deity of light. From _Wompi,_ also _Wapan_ in
_Wapanachkik,_ "Those of the eastern region," now written _Abanaqui_ and
_Abnaki,_ and confined to the remnant of a tribe in Maine. (See
Wahamanesing,) Dr. Trumbull wrote: "_Anit,_ the subjunctive participle
of a verb which signifies 'To be more than,' 'to surpass'"; with
impersonal _M_ prefixed, _Manit,_ as in _Manitou,_ a name given by the
Indians, writes Lahontan, "To all that passes their understanding";
hence interpreted by Europeans, "God." It has no such meaning in
_Wompenanit,_ but defined a limit that was "more than," or the extreme
limits of the island. No doubt, however, the Indians saw, as do visitors
of to-day, at the utmost end of the Montauk Peninsula, in its breast of
rock against which the ocean-waves dash with fearful force; its
glittering sun-light and in its general features, a _Wompanánd,_ or
Eastern God, that which was "more than ordinary, wonderful, surpassing,"
but those features are not referred to in _Wompenanit,_ except, perhaps,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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