A parallel movement seems to have taken place in Babylonia, where all the gods were at one period identified with Marduk or Merodach. See Pinches, “Religious Ideas of the Babylonians,” _Transactions of the Victoria Institute_, 1893, p. 10. Footnote 68: Maury, _Histoire des Religions de la Grèce Antique_, Paris, 1857, III. p. 73. Footnote 69: Demosthenes, _v. Midias_, p. 53; Herodotus, Bk VII. c. 189. Such gods were called by the peculiar epithet of πυθόχρηστοι. See inscription from Smyrna quoted by Rayet, _Revue Archéologique_, 1877, pp. 115-128. Footnote 70: Xenophon, _Hellenica_, Bk II. c. 4. Footnote 71: Plutarch, _Alcibiades_, c. CXVIII. Cf. Aristophanes, _Lysistrata_, ll. 387 _sqq._ Footnote 72: Homeric _Hymn to Demeter_, _passim_. Footnote 73: Herodotus, Bk II. c. 50. Footnote 74: Droysen, _op. cit._ I. p. 698. Footnote 75: See Maury, _Rel. de la Grèce_, t. III. cc. 15, 16. Aristophanes, _Horae_ fragment 1 of Didot, and _Aves_, l. 874, is practically the earliest witness for their introduction into Athens. Cf. the Scholiast upon the last passage quoted, for their identification with Greek deities. M. Paul Foucart, _Les Associations Religieuses chez les Grecs_, Paris, 1873, pp. 57 and 85, shows the great rush of foreign gods into Attica after the Persian War and the mode in which their worship was propagated. Footnote 76: Percy Gardner, _Catalogue of Coins_, etc., _passim_. Goblet d’Alviella, _Ce que l’Inde doit à la Grèce_, Paris, 1897, p. 73, notes that these coins reproduce “the usual type of the classical divinities Hercules, Dionysos, Poseidon, Helios, Pallas, Artemis, Niké.” Footnote 77: Droysen, _op. cit._ III. p. 73. Footnote 78: Callisthenes appears to have used this argument against the deification of Alexander during his lifetime, Arrian, _Anabasis_, Bk IV. c. 11. Cf. Budge, _Pseudo Callisthenes’ History of Alexander the Great_, Cambridge, 1889, Bk III. c. 19, p. 135; Plutarch, _Pelopidas_, c. XVI. Footnote 79: Droysen, _op. cit._ I. p. 668. Footnote 80: Maspero, “Comment Alexandre devenait Dieu.” _Annuaire de l’École des Hautes Études_, Paris, 1897; _id._ _Ét. Égyptol._ t. VI. pp. 286 _sqq._ Footnote 81: Mr Hogarth, _Philip and Alexander_, pp. 197 _sqq._, rightly points out that he never instituted any cult of himself, as did Demetrius Poliorcetes. Footnote 82: Plutarch, _Alexander_, c. XXVIII.; Arrian, _Anabasis_, Bk VII. c. 29. Footnote 83: Plutarch, _de Is. et Os._ c. XXIV.; _id. Apophthegmata Antigon_. 7. Cf. Droysen, _op. cit._ II. p. 295. Mr Tarn in his _Antigonos Gonatas_, Oxford, 1913, p. 251, would transfer the story to his grandson, but his reasoning is not convincing. Footnote 84: Athenaeus, _Deipnosoph_. Bk VI. c. 62. Footnote 85: Droysen, _op. cit._ III. p. 22 and note 2. Footnote 86: