Eugène de Faye, “Formation d’un Doctrine de Dieu au IIme Siècle,” _R.H.R._ t. LXIII. (1911), p. 9. He quotes Harnack in his support. Footnote 12: Mark xi. 1. Footnote 13: On the ignorance of the first Christian writers, see de Faye, _op. cit._ p. 4. Footnote 14: Origen, _cont. Celsum_, Bk III. c. 12. Cf. Krüger, _La Grande Encyclopédie_, Paris, _s.v._ Gnosticisme. Footnote 15: “Those which say they are Jews, but are not”; Rev. ii. 9; _ibid._ iii. 9. The _Clementine Homilies_, though of much later date, never speak of the Christians otherwise than as Jews. Cf. Duchesne, _Early Christian Church_, p. 12. Footnote 16: Acts viii. 1. Footnote 17: Renan (_L’Antéchrist_, p. 511, and note 1) gives a passage, which he thinks is from Tacitus, showing that Titus aimed at the suppression of the Christians as well as the Jews. Doubtless many Christians perished in the punitive measures taken in the Ist century against the Jews in Antioch and elsewhere. Cf. Josephus, _Wars of the Jews_, Bk VII. c. 3; Eusebius, _H. E._ Bk III. cc. 12, 17, 19, 20. It was the persecution by the fanatical Jews that compelled the flight of the Christians to Pella shortly before the siege. See Eusebius, Bk III. c. 5; Epiph. _Haer._ XXIX. c. 7, p. 239, Oehler. The episode of the “Woman clothed with the Sun” of the Canonical Apocalypse is supposed by some to refer to this. Footnote 18: So that the members of the little Church of Pella who retained the name of Jews gradually ceased to be regarded as orthodox by the other Christian communities and were called Ebionites. See Renan, _L’Antéchrist_, p. 548. Cf. Fuller in _Dict. Christian Biog._ _s.v._ Ebionites for authorities. The connection that Fuller would find between the Essenes and the Ebionites seems to rest on little proof. Footnote 19: Thus Mgr Duchesne, _op. cit._ p. 14, says that “St Paul was a Jew by birth, imbued with the exclusiveness and disdainful spirit which inspired his race and influenced all their dealings with other nations.” Footnote 20: Many of the Sicarii and other fanatics managed to escape before the catastrophe of the First Jewish War to Egypt and the Cyrenaica, where they continued to commit outrages and make rebellion until they brought on themselves and their co-religionists the wrath of the Romans. See Josephus, _Wars_, Bk VII. cc. 10, 11. Cf. Renan, _L’Antéchrist_, p. 539; _id._, _Les Évangiles_, p. 369. Footnote 21: Abel’s _Orphica_, Frgs. 243-248, especially the quotation from Nigidius. Footnote 22: See Chapter II, _supra_. Footnote 23: So Renan, _L’Antéchrist_, p. 300, says that the Synoptic Gospels probably first took shape in the Church at Pella. Thus he explains the so-called “little Apocalypse” of Matthew xxiv., Mark xiii., and Luke xxi. Cf. _ibid._, p. 296 and note. For the symbolic construction placed upon them by the Gnostics, see Hatch, _H. L._, p. 75. Footnote 24: