Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)Legge, Francis
Religion
Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)
Legge, Francis
Christianity and other religions; Religions
The next two scenes are more difficult to interpret with anything
approaching certainty. In one of them[846], Mithras is represented as
standing upright before a tree from which he cuts or tears a large
branch bearing leaves and fruit. He is here naked, save for the
distinctive cap; but immediately after, he is seen emerging from the
leafage fully clothed in Oriental dress. In the next scene—the relative
order of the scenes seems settled by the places they most often occupy
on different examples of the same sculptures[847]—Mithras in the
Phrygian cap, Persian trousers, and flowing mantle generally worn by
him, kneels on one knee drawing a bow, the arrows from which strike a
rock in the distance and draw from it a stream of water which a kneeling
man receives in his hands and lifts to his mouth[848]. Several variants
of this scene exist, in one of which a suppliant is kneeling before the
archer-god and raising his hands towards him as if in prayer; while in
another, the rock may well be a cloud. M. Cumont can only suggest with
regard to these scenes, that the first may be an allusion to the Fall of
Man and his subsequently clothing himself with leaves as described in
the Book of Genesis, and that the second scene may depict a prolonged
drought upon earth, in which man prays to Mithras and is delivered by
the god’s miraculous production of rain. He admits, however, that this
is pure conjecture, and that he knows no Indian, Persian, or Chaldaean
legend or myth to which the scenes in question can be certainly
attached. It seems therefore useless to discuss them further here.
Passing on, we come to a series of scenes, the meaning of which is more
easily intelligible. In all of these a bull plays a principal part. It
is abundantly clear that this bull is no terrestrial creature, but is
the Goshurun or Heavenly Bull of the Zend Avesta, from whose death come
forth not only man, but beasts, trees, and all the fruits of the
earth[849]. In the Mithraic sculptures, we see the Bull first sailing
over the waters in a cup-shaped boat[850] like the coracles still used
on the Euphrates, or escaping from a burning stable to which Mithras and
a companion have set fire[851]. Then he is depicted grazing peaceably or
raising his head now and then as if alarmed by some sudden noise[852].
Next he is chased by Mithras, who seizes him by the horns, mounts
him[853], and after a furious gallop casts him over his shoulders,
generally holding him by the hind legs so that the horned head dangles
to the ground[854]. In this position, he is taken into the cave which
forms the chapel of Mithras.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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