Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)Legge, Francis
Religion
Forerunners and rivals of Christianity : $b being studies in religious history from 330 B.C. to 330 A.D., Vol. 2 (of 2)
Legge, Francis
Christianity and other religions; Religions
Here, if the order in the most complete monuments be followed, we break
off to enter upon another set of scenes which illustrate the relations
between Mithras and the sun[855]. In what again seems to be the first in
order, we see Mithras upright with a person kneeling before him who,
from the rayed nimbus round his head, is evidently the god Helios or
Sol[856]. In one representation of this scene, Mithras extends his left
hand towards this nimbus as if to replace it on the head of its
wearer[857] from which it has been displaced in yet another
monument[858], while in the other, he displays an object not unlike a
Phrygian cap which may, however, be, as M. Cumont suggests, something
like a water-skin[859]. Generally, Mithras is represented as holding
this object over the bared head of the kneeling Sun-God, as if to crown
him with it[860]. Then we find Mithras with the ray-crowned Sun-God
upright beside him, while he grasps his hand in token, as it would seem,
of alliance or friendship[861]. If we accept the hint afforded by the
theory that the rock yielding water on being split by the arrows of
Mithras is really a cloud producing the fertilizing rain, we may imagine
that we have here the unconquered god removing clouds which obscure the
face of the great life-giving luminary and restoring to him the crown of
rays which enables him to shed his kindly light upon the earth. The
earth would thus be made fit for the creation of man and other animals
which, as we shall see, follows; but in any event, the meaning of the
scene which shows the alliance is, as M. Cumont has pointed out, not
doubtful[862]. In one monument, where Mithras grasps the hand of the
person we have identified with the Sun-God before an altar, he at the
same time draws his sword, as if to perform the exchange of blood or
blood-covenant usual in the East on swearing alliance[863]. Possibly the
crowning scene, as M. Cumont also suggests[864], is to be connected with
Tertullian’s statement that in the initiation of the Mithraist to the
degree of _miles_ or soldier, he was offered at the sword’s point a
crown, which he cast away from him saying that Mithras was his crown. If
so, it would afford some proof that the initiate here, as in the
mysteries of Isis, was made to impersonate the sun, which is on other
grounds likely enough.
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