AA. Bud scales not in pairs; more than 6; leaflets not recurved; nut husks usually not winged; nut thick-shelled. B. Buds large; twigs stout; nut angled; kernel sweet. C. Leaflets 5; leaves 8-14 inches long, nut whitish, bark shaggy C. ovata CC. Leaflets 7-9; leaves 15-20 inches long, nut reddish-brown C. laciniosa CCC. Leaflets 7-9; leaves 8-12 inches long, hairy C. tomentosa BB. Buds small; twigs slender; nut angled. C. Leaflets usually 5; leaves 8-12 inches long; fruit pear-shaped; kernel astringent C. glabra CC. Leaflets usually 7; leaves 8-10 inches long; fruit ovoid; shell ridged, thin; kernel sweet C. ovalis CCC. Leaflets usually 7; leaves 10-12 inches long; shell thin, conspicuously veined C. buckleyi +BITTERNUT HICKORY+ _Carya cordiformis_ K. Koch THE bitternut hickory is a tall slender tree with broadly pyramidal crown, attaining a height of 100 feet and a diameter of 2 to 3 feet. It is found along stream banks and on moist soil, and it is well known by its roundish bitter nuts. [Illustration: BITTERNUT HICKORY Twig, one-half natural size. Leaf, one-third natural size.] The _bark_ on the trunk is granite-gray, faintly tinged with yellow and smoother than in most of the hickories, yet broken into thin plate-like scales. The _winter buds_ are compressed, scurfy, and of a bright yellow color. The _leaves_ are alternate, compound, from 6 to 10 inches long, and composed of from 7 to 11 leaflets. The individual leaflets are smaller and more slender than those of the other hickories. The _flowers_ are of two kinds on the same tree; the staminate in long pendulous green catkins, the pistillate in 2 to 5 flowered spikes, 1/2 inch long, brown-hairy. The _fruit_ is about 1 inch long and thin-husked, while the nut is usually thin-shelled and brittle, and the kernel very bitter. The _wood_ is hard, strong and heavy, reddish-brown in color. From this last fact it gets its local name of red hickory. It is said to be somewhat inferior to the other hickories, but is used for the same purposes. +PECAN+ _Carya illinoensis_ (Wang.) K. Koch (_Carya pecan_ (Marsh.) E. & G.) THE pecan is a river-bottom tree found in southern Illinois extending its range northward to Adams, Peoria, Fayette and Lawrence counties. The tree is the largest of the hickories, attaining heights of over 100 feet and, when in the open, forming a large rounded top of symmetrical shape. It makes an excellent shade tree and is also planted in orchards for its nuts. The outer _bark_ is rough, hard, tight, but broken into scales; on the limbs, it is smooth at first but later tends to scale or divide as the bark grows old.