Forest Trees of Texas: How to Know ThemMattoon, Wilbur R. (Wilbur Reed)
Science
Forest Trees of Texas: How to Know Them
Mattoon, Wilbur R. (Wilbur Reed)
Trees -- Identification; Trees -- Texas
The tiny FLOWERS are borne in drooping clusters. The FRUIT is like that
of the other maples, green, turning light tan when mature. Unlike the
seeds of other maples, they cling until after the leaves are shed.
The WOOD is creamy-white, light, and soft and weak but close-grained. It
is sometimes used in other states for the manufacture of low grade
furniture and interior finish; it is also used for woodenware,
cooperage, and paper pulp.
OHIO BUCKEYE
Aesculus glabra Willd.
Ohio buckeye occurs as far west as eastern Texas along streams in rich
soils. Though often only a shrub, it becomes a medium-sized tree in rich
alluvial bottoms. Its leaves and fruit are poisonous to stock.
The BARK is white and, on old trees, divided or broken into light brown
flat scales, which make the stems of the tree rough; the bark is
ill-smelling when bruised.
[Illustration: OHIO BUCKEYE (Twig, two-thirds natural size; nut,
one-third natural size; leaf, one-fourth natural size)]
The LEAVES are opposite, palmately compounded, with 5 to 7 smooth, pale
green leaflets, ill-smelling when bruised. The leaves usually turn
yellow during the summer.
The FLOWERS are cream-colored and appear in clusters, 5 to 8 inches
long, in April or May.
The FRUIT is generally rounded, pale brown, generally thin-walled,
roughened with blunt prickles or warts, and breaking into 2 to 3 valves,
disclosing the bright shiny seeds 1 to 1½ inches wide.
The WOOD is light, soft and weak, and decays rapidly when exposed. It is
used for woodenware, artificial limbs, paper pulp, lumber, and fuel.
Aesculus pavia L., the RED BUCKEYE, is found as a shrub in Comal and
Wilson Counties and is common through eastern Texas to Bexar and Kendall
Counties, as a shrub 9 to 12 inches high. This species was formerly
classified as A. discolor Parsh and A.d. var. Mollis (Raf.) Sarg.
WESTERN SOAPBERRY (Wild China-Tree)
Sapindus drummondii Hook. Arn.
This species, sometimes called Indian soap plant, grows on moist clay
soils or dry limestone uplands. It ranges through eastern Texas to New
Mexico and the Rio Grande, becoming a tree 40 to 50 feet high and 1 to 2
feet in diameter, with usually erect branches, and branchlets at first
slightly many-angled.
[Illustration: WESTERN SOAPBERRY (Leaf, two-fifths natural size; fruit,
one-third natural size)]
The BARK is broken by deep fissures into long narrow plates which in
turn are broken on the surface into small red-brown scales.
The LEAVES appearing in March or April, bear 4 to 9 pairs of alternate,
opposite or both, lance-shaped leaflets which are pale, yellow-green,
about 2½ inches long and ½ to ⅔ inch wide. The leaves fall in autumn or
early winter.
The FLOWERS are whitish, in large, dense panicles.
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