Note lateral arrangement on branches; observe whether flexible or stocky and whether rough or smooth; study differences between new growth and old; learn any distinctive color, smell, or taste; cut a cross-section and note size, shape, color and size of pith; note presence or absence of lenticels. 6. Buds Like bark, the buds are helpful in winter identification. Note size, scale coverings, and shape. Observe arrangement and position on twigs; compare terminal and lateral buds. 7. Leaf-scars Study scars left by falling leaves as to size, form, position and occurrence; note bundle-scars (appear as marks in scar) as to number, shape, size, and arrangement. 8. Flowers Study promptly at proper season; trees vary widely in flowering habits; observe as to size, form, shape of parts, color and arrangement; and learn whether the tree has one or two kinds of flowers—if two, whether male and female flowers are on same tree. 9. Fruit Study of fruit also is seasonal. When it is available, observe type, form, structure and method of distribution. 10. Wood Identification of trees by wood forms a separate study but often field identification of trees can be aided by observation of distinctive points about the wood such as color, taste and general structure. 11. Habitat An interesting and often useful help in tree identification is to note the growing habits of trees, whether in dry or moist places, what other species same type sites, whether it grows better in open places or in more sheltered locations and the like. V. Summary If you have followed through on your study of a tree, covering the eleven points listed, you will really know the tree for all time. However, even if you cannot or do not make your study as thoroughly as is suggested, you should at least select enough distinctive characteristics about the tree to study that you will be able to identify it both in the summer and the winter seasons. VI. References Your school and public library should have one or more books on trees. You will find books on southern trees most helpful. While it is impractical to provide a complete list of books on trees, the partial list below is furnished for your information, with the understanding that no discrimination is intended: Fernald, M. L. _Gray’s Manual of Botany._ Eighth edition. American Book Company, 1950. Green, C. H. _Trees of the South._ The University of North Carolina Press, 1939. Harrar, E. S., Harrar, J. G. _Guide to Southern Trees._ Whittlesey House, 1946. Kearney, T. H., Peebles, R. H. _Arizona Flora._ University of