Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
"Each demolished house has its own legend of sorrow, of pain,
and horror; each vacant doorway speaks to the eye, and almost to
the ear, of hasty flight, as armies or fire came--of weeping women
and trembling children running away in awful fear, abandoning the
home that saw their birth, the old house they loved--of startled
men seizing quickly under each arm their most valued goods, and
rushing, heavily laden, after their wives and babes, leaving to
hostile hands the task of burning all the rest. When evening
falls, the wretched outcasts, worn with fatigue and tears,
reach Versailles, St. Germain, or some other place outside
the range of fire, and there they beg for bread and shelter,
homeless, foodless, broken with despair. And this, remember,
has been the fate of something like a hundred thousand people
during the last four months. Versailles alone has about fifteen
thousand such fugitives to keep alive, all ruined, all hopeless,
all vaguely asking the grim future what still worse fate it may
have in store for them."--Daily Telegraph, Jan. 17th, 1871.
That is the result round their pleasant city, and this within their
industrious and practical one: let us keep, for the reference of
future ages, a picture of domestic life, out of the streets of London
in her commercial prosperity, founded on the eternal laws of Supply
and Demand, as applied by the modern Capitalist:
"A father in the last stage of consumption--two daughters nearly
marriageable with hardly sufficient rotting clothing to 'cover
their shame.' The rags that hang around their attenuated frames
flutter in strips against their naked legs. They have no stool or
chair upon which they can sit. Their father occupies the only stool
in the room. They have no employment by which they can earn even a
pittance. They are at home starving on a half-chance meal a day,
and hiding their raggedness from the world. The walls are bare,
there is one bed in the room, and a bundle of dirty rags are upon
it. The dying father will shortly follow the dead mother; and
when the parish coffin encloses his wasted form, and a pauper's
grave closes above him, what shall be his daughters' lot? This is
but a type of many other homes in the district: dirt, misery, and
disease alone flourish in that wretched neighbourhood. 'Fever and
smallpox rage,' as the inhabitants say, 'next door, and next door,
and over the way, and next door to that, and further down.' The
living, dying, and dead are all huddled together. The houses have
no ventilation, the back yards are receptacles for all sorts of
filth and rubbish, the old barrels or vessels that contain the
supply of water are thickly coated on the sides with slime, and
there is an undisturbed deposit of mud at the bottom. There is no
mortuary house--the dead lie in the dogholes where they breathed
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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