Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
On Wednesday an inquest was held on the body of Annie Redfern,
aged twenty-eight, who was found dead in a cellar at 5, Chicksand
Street, Mile End, on the morning of last Sunday. This unfortunate
woman was a fruit-seller, and rented the cellar in which she
died at 1s. 9d. per week--her only companion being a little boy,
aged three years, of whom she was the mother. It appeared from
the evidence of the surgeon who was summoned to see the deceased
when her body was discovered on Sunday morning that she had been
dead some hours before his arrival. Her knees were drawn up and
her arms folded in such a position as to show that she died with
her child clasped in her arms. The room was very dark, without any
ventilation, and was totally unfit for human habitation. The cause
of death was effusion of serum into the pericardium, brought on
greatly by living in such a wretched dwelling. The coroner said
that as there were so many of these wretched dwellings about, he
hoped the jurymen who were connected with the vestry would take
care to represent the case to the proper authorities, and see that
the place was not let as a dwelling again. This remark from the
coroner incited a juryman to reply, "Oh, if we were to do that we
might empty half the houses in London; there are thousands more
like that, and worse." Some of the jurors objected to the room
being condemned; the majority, however, refused to sign the papers
unless this was done, and a verdict was returned in accordance
with the evidence. It transpired that the body had to be removed
to save it from the rats. If the little child who lay clasped in
his dead mother's arms has not been devoured by these animals,
he is probably now in the workhouse, and will remain a burden on
the ratepayers, who unfortunately have no means of making the
landlord of the foul den that destroyed his mother answerable
for his support.
I miss, out of the column of the 'Pall Mall' for the 1st of this
month, one paragraph after this, and proceed to the next but one,
which relates to the enlightened notion among English young women,
derived from Mr. J. Stuart Mill,--that the "career" of the Madonna is
too limited a one, and that modern political economy can provide them,
as the 'Pall Mall' observes, with "much more lucrative occupations
than that of nursing the baby." But you must know, first, that the
Athenians always kept memory of Theseus' pot of vegetable soup, and
of his sacrifice, by procession in spring-time, bearing a rod wreathed
with lambs'-wool, and singing an Easter carol, in these words:--
"Fair staff, may the gods grant, by thee, the bringing of figs to us,
and buttery cakes, and honey in bulging cups, and the sopping of oil,
and wine in flat cups, easy to lift, that thou mayest" (meaning that
we may, but not clear which is which,) "get drunk and sleep."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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