Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
I have given you therefore, this month, for frontispiece, the
completest picture I can find of that pound or labyrinth which the
Greeks supposed to have been built by Daedalus, to enclose the bestial
nature, engrafted on humanity. The Man with the Bull's head. The Greek
Daedalus is the power of mechanical as opposed to imaginative art;
[16] and this is the kind of architecture which Greeks and Florentines
alike represent him as providing for human beasts. Could anything more
precisely represent the general look of your architecture now? When I
come down here; to Coniston, through Preston and Wigan, it seems to
me that I have seen that thing itself, only built a little higher,
and smoking, or else set on its side, and spinning round, a thousand
times over in the course of the day.
Then the very writing of the name of it is so like your modern
education! You miss the first letter of your lives; and begin with
A for apple-pie, instead of L for love; and the rest of the writing
is--some little--some big--some turned the wrong way; and the sum of
it all to you Perplexity. "Abberinto."
For the rest, the old Florentine engraver took the story as it ran
currently, that Theseus deserted Ariadne (but, indeed, she was the
letter L lost out of his life), and besides, you know if he ever did
do anything wrong, it was all Titania's fault,--
"Didst thou not lead him through the glimmering night,
And make him with fair Ægle break his faith,
With Ariadne, and Antiopa?"
If you have young eyes, or will help old ones with a magnifying glass,
you will find all her story told. In the front, Theseus is giving her
his faith; their names, TESEO . ADRIANNA, are written beneath them. He
leans on his club reversed. She brings him three balls of thread,
in case one, or even two, should not be long enough. His plumed cap
means earthly victory; her winged one heavenly power and hope. Then,
at the side of the arched gate of the labyrinth, Theseus has tied
one end of the clue to a ring, and you see his back and left leg
as he goes in. And just above, as the end of the adventure, he is
sailing away from Naxos, with his black sail. On the left is the isle
of Naxos, and deserted Adriane waving Theseus back, with her scarf
tied to a stick. Theseus not returning, she throws herself into the
sea; you can see her feet, and her hand, still with the staff in it,
as she plunges in backwards. Whereupon, winged Jupiter, GIOVE, comes
down and lifts her out of the sea; you see her winged head raised to
him. Then he carries her up to heaven. He holds her round the waist,
but, strangely, she is not thinking of Jupiter at all, but of something
above and more than Jupiter; her hands and head raised, as in some
strong desire. But on the right, there is another fall, without such
rising. Theseus' father throws himself into the sea from the wall of
Athens, and you see his feet as he goes in; but there is no God to
lift him out of the waves.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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