Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
I am greatly flattered by my correspondent's philological studies;
but alas, his pretty result is untenable: no derivation can stand
astride on two languages; also, neither he, nor any of my readers,
must think of me as setting myself up either for a champion or a
leader. If they will look back to the first letter of this book,
they will find it is expressly written to quit myself of public
responsibility in pursuing my private work. Its purpose is to state
clearly what must be done by all of us, as we can, in our place;
and to fulfil what duty I personally acknowledge to the State; also
I have promised, if I live, to show some example of what I know to
be necessary, if no more able person will show it first. That is
a very different thing from pretending to leadership in a movement
which must one day be as wide as the world. Nay, even my marching
days may perhaps soon be over, and the best that I can make of
myself be a faithful signpost. But what I am, or what I fail to be,
is of no moment to the cause. The two facts which I have to teach,
or sign, though alone, as it seems, at present, in the signature,
that food can only be got out of the ground, and happiness only out
of honesty, are not altogether dependent on any one's championship,
for recognition among mankind.
For the present, nevertheless, these two important pieces of
information are never, so far as I am aware, presented in any scheme
of education either to the infantine or adult mind. And, unluckily,
no other information whatever, without acquaintance with these facts,
can produce either bread and butter, or felicity. I take the following
four questions, for instance, as sufficiently characteristic, out
of the seventy-eight, proposed, on their Fifth subject of study, to
the children of St. Matthias' National School, Granby Street, Bethnal
Green, (school fees, twopence or threepence a week,) by way of enabling
them to pass their First of May pleasantly, in this blessed year 1873.
1. Explain the distinction between an identity and an equation,
and give an easy example of each. Show that if a simple equation
in x is satisfied by two different values of x, it is an identity.
2. In what time will a sum of money double itself if invested at
10 per cent. per annum, compound interest?
3. How many different permutations can be made of the letters
in the word Chillianwallah? How many if arranged in a circle,
instead of a straight line? And how many different combinations
of them, two and two, can be made?
4. Show that if alpha and beta be constant, and phi and lambda
variable, and if
cos^2 alpha cos^2 beta (tan^2 alpha cos^2 lambda + tan^2 beta sin^2 lambda)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
tan^2 alpha cos^2 beta cos^2 lambda + tan^2 beta cos^2 alpha sin^2 lambda
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