Fors Clavigera (Volume 6 of 8): $b Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 6 of 8): $b Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
The second, or middle class, will be called “Comites Militantes,”
“Companions Militant.”
These will be persons occupied actually in manual labour on the ground,
or in any work which the Master may order, for the fulfilment of the
Society’s functions; being dependent on such labour for their
maintenance, under the conditions fixed by the Company’s statutes.
The third and lowest order will be called “Comites Consilii,” (Friends
of, or in, Council,) “Companions Consular,” who will form the general
body of the Society, being occupied in their own affairs as earnestly
as before they joined it; but giving it the tenth of their income; and
in all points, involving its principles, obeying the orders of the
Master. Thus almost any tradesman may continue his trade, being a
Companion; but, if a jeweller, he must not sell false jewels; or if a
butcher, (I have one accepted already, and I very much want to get a
butcher’s daughter, if I could; but she won’t come,) must not sell bad
meat.
I at first meant them to be called Censors, or Companions Estimant,
because when the Society comes into real work, the sentences of fine,
or other disgrace, pronounced by the marshals’ officers, and the
general modes of determining quality and value of goods, must be always
ratified by majority of this order, of the Companions, in whom also, by
virtue of their number, the election, and therefore censorship, of the
Master, will necessarily be vested.
To these last, especially, I have now some special matters to write.
Will you please look back to the Fors of December 24th, last year, p.
278, and tell me,—or rather, which is chiefly needful, answer to
yourselves, how far you have reflected, since reading it, on the nature
of “unfruitful works of darkness;” how many you have abandoned, and how
many reproved. It is too probable that you have not, even yet, the
slightest idea what works of darkness are. You know,—they can’t mean
merely murder, or adultery, or theft. You don’t, when you go to church,
mean to pray that you may have grace to give up committing murder or
adultery, or that you may ‘rather reprove them’? But what then is it
that you pray to give up? If you don’t know, are you not, yet, in the
least, ashamed of yourselves, for going every Sunday, if not every day,
to pray to God, without having the dimmest idea what you mean to ask
Him for?
Well,—not to be farther teazing about it,—in the first and simple
sense, works of darkness are useless, or ill-done, or half-done,
things, which pretend to be good, or to be wholly done; and so mislead
or betray.
In the deeper and final sense, a work of darkness is one that seeks
concealment, and conceals facts; or even casts disdain and disgrace on
facts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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