13. ESPLANADE. A 25½-foot-wide promenade and landing space once lined the full length of the gorge exterior at its base. Out from the center of the esplanade ran the original stone wharf, 171 feet long. Through the gorge, at the head of the wharf, was the original sally port to the fort. [Illustration: 100-pound Parrott guns uncovered in 1959 excavations.] [Illustration: Aerial view of Fort Sumter in January 1961.] _Administration_ Fort Sumter National Monument was established by Congress in 1948 and enlarged in 1961 with the acquisition of Fort Moultrie on Sullivans Island. The monument is administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Communications concerning the monument should be addressed to the Superintendent, Fort Sumter National Monument, U.S. Custom House, Charleston, S.C. _Related Areas_ Other units of the National Park System pertaining to the Civil War are: Antietam National Battlefield Site, Md.; Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, Va.; Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, Miss.; Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Ga. and Tenn.; Fort Donelson National Military Park, Tenn.; Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, Va.; General Grant National Memorial, N.Y.; Gettysburg National Military Park, Pa.; Harpers Ferry National Monument, W. Va.; Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, Ga.; Manassas National Battlefield Park, Va.; Pea Ridge National Military Park, Ark.; Petersburg National Military Park, Va.; Richmond National Battlefield Park, Va.; Shiloh National Military Park, Tenn.; Stones River National Battlefield, Tenn.; and Vicksburg National Military Park, Miss. _Suggested Readings_ Catton, Bruce, _The Coming Fury_. Doubleday & Co., Garden City, 1961. Chesnut, Mary B., _A Diary From Dixie_. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1949. Johnson, Robert U., & Clarence C. Buel, editors, _Battles and Leaders of the Civil War_. Reprint edition by Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., New York, 1956. Vols. I and IV. Stampp, Kenneth M., _And The War Came_. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1950. Swanberg, W. A., _First Blood_. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1957. United States Government, _War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies_. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1880. Series I, vols. I, XIV, XXVIII, and XXXV. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1954 O 727-779 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES (Price lists of National Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.)