But is time proceeded the Bavarian government directed their attention to this branch of industry, and did all in their power to encourage it; and, as early as the year 1766, a Count von Kronsfeld obtained a concession to establish a lead pencil factory at Jettenbach. Later on, in the year 1816, the Bavarian government established a royal lead pencil manufactory at Obernzell (Hafnerzell), and introduced into it the French process, described above, of using clay as a binding medium for graphite. CHAPTER XXVIII. ANCIENT INK BACKGROUNDS (THE ORIGIN OF PAPYRUS). FROM WHENCE COMES THE NAME PAPER--FIRST CENTURY COMMENT ABOUT IT--KNIGHT'S COMMENTS MORE THAN 1,800 YEARS LATER--PAPYRUS AN EGYPTIAN REED--NAMES BESTOWED BY ANCIENT WRITERS--THE SAME NAMES AS EMPLOYED IN MODERN TIMES--LEAVES OF PLANTS PRECEDED THE INVENTION OF PAPYRUS-- WHEN IT WAS THAT ROLLED RECORDS CAME INTO VOGUE--VARRO'S ESTIMATION AS TO THE ORIGINAL USE OF PAPYRUS NOT CORRECT--REAL FACTS RESPECTING THE INTRODUCTION OF PAPYRUS BEYOND THE LIMITS OF EGYPT--CHARACTER OF MATERIALS EMPLOYED BY THE GREEKS BEFORE THAT EPOCH--EMPLOYMENT OF IT FOR LITERARY PURPOSES--ADOPTION OF PARCHMENT AND VELLUM--PAPYRUS MSS. EMPLOYED IN THE FORM OF ROLLS AND THE REASON FOR SAME--ANCIENT MANUFACTURE OF PAPYRUS IN EGYPT--SOME OF THE NAMES USED TO DESIGNATE DIFFERENT KINDS--PLINY'S DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPYRUS AND HIS MISINFORMATION ABOUT IT--WHERE IT FLOURISHED BEST--PAPYRUS AS KNOWN TO THE HEBREWS AND ITS BIBLICAL MENTION--MANUFACTURE OF PAPYRUS IN THE ANCIENT CITY OF MEMPHIS--CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAPER EMPLOYED BY THE MEXICANS--MR. HARRIS'S DISCOVERY OF ANCIENT FRAGMENTS OF PAPYRUS-- THE STORY ABOUT IT AS TOLD BY THE LONDON ATHENaeUM--DATES OF THE OLDEST KNOWN SPECIMENS OF GREEK PAPYRI--DATE OF THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF GREEK PAPYRI--USE OF OTHER PLIABLE MATERIALS WITH PAPYRUS--HOW THEY WERE PREPARED FOR WRITING PURPOSES--DOUBTS AS TO TIME THAT ROLLED RECORDS SUPERSEDED TABLET FORMS--SUGGESTIONS BY NOEL HUMPHREYS--VIEWS ENTERTAINED BY EARLIER WRITERS. THE name paper is derived from papyrus, a reed grown in Egypt, whose stalk furnished for so many centuries the principal material for writing upon to the people of that country and those bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. In the first century of the Christian era the younger Pliny remarks: "All the usages of civilized life depend in a remarkable degree upon the employment of paper. At all events, the remembrance of past events." A statement which has caused Mr. Knight to make the following comment: "This observation, undoubtedly true 1,800 years ago, is much more remarkably so now; indeed, in considering that paper as we now understand it was entirely unknown to Europe in the time of Pliny, the expression of the great dependence upon what seems to us so fragile and inefficient a substitute for real paper appears strange."