_Palaeostachya pedunculata_ Will. (M. S.) 357 98. _P. vera_ sp. nov. 359 99. _Calamites_ (_Calamitina_) Göpp. (Ett.) (M. S.) 368 100. _Calamites_ (_Calamitina_) _approximatus_ Brongn. From a photograph by Mr Kidston 370 101. _Calamites_ (_Calamitina_) sp. (From a block lent by Dr Woodward) 373 102. _Calamites_ (_Eucalamites_) _cruciatus_ Sternb. (From a photograph by Mr Edwin Wilson) 377 103. _Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus_ (Schloth.). (From a photograph by Mr Edwin Wilson) 385 104. Diagrammatic longitudinal section of _Sphenophyllum_ 393 105. Transverse and longitudinal sections of _Sphenophyllum insigne_ (Will.) and _S. plurifoliatum_ Will. and Scott 394 106. _Sphenophyllum plurifoliatum_ Will. and Scott. (From a photograph by Mr Highley) 398 107. _Sphenophyllum_ strobilus, stem and root 400 108. Diagrammatic longitudinal section of a _Sphenophyllum_ strobilus. (M. S.) 402 109. _Sphenophyllum emarginatum_ (Brongn.) (M. S.) 407 110. _Sphenophyllum Thoni_ Mahr.; _S. trichomatosum_ Stur. (M. S.) 410 111. _Sphenophyllum speciosum_ (Royle). (M. S.) 411 =Note.= The references in the footnotes require a word of explanation. The titles of the works referred to will be found in the Bibliography at the end of the volume. In this list the authors’ names are arranged alphabetically and the papers of each author are in chronological order. The numbers in brackets after the author’s name in the footnotes, and before his name in the bibliographical list, refer to the year of publication. Except in cases where the works were published prior to 1800, the first two figures are omitted: thus Ward (84) refers to a paper published by L. F. Ward in 1884. This system was suggested by Dr H. H. Field in the _Biologisches Centralblatt_, vol. XIII. 1893, p. 753. (_Ueber die Art der Abfassung naturwissenschaftlicher Litteraturverzeichnisse._) =PART I. GENERAL.= CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL SKETCH. “But particular care ought to be had not to consult or take relations from any but those who appear to have been both long conversant in these affairs, and likewise persons of Sobriety, Faithfulness and Discretion, to avoid the being misled and imposed upon either by falsehood, or the ignorance, credulity, and fancifulness, that some of these people are but too obnoxious unto.” JOHN WOODWARD, 1728.