Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
A generic name for those fossils which in all probability belong to
the class Algae, but which, by reason of the absence of reproductive
organs, internal structure, or characters of a trustworthy nature in
the determination of affinity, cannot be referred with any degree of
certainty to a particular recent genus or family.
This term was suggested in 1894[398] as a provisional and comprehensive
designation under which might be included such impressions or casts
as might reasonably be referred to Algae. The practice of applying to
alga-like fossils names suggestive of a definite alliance with recent
genera is as a rule unsound. It would simplify nomenclature, and
avoid the multiplication of generic names, if the term _Algites_ were
applied to such algal fossils from rocks of various ages as afford
no trustworthy data by which their family or generic affinity can be
established.
V. MYXOMYCETES (MYCETOZOA).
This class of organisms affords an interesting example of the
impossibility of maintaining a hard and fast line between the animal
and plant kingdom. Zoologists and Botanists usually include the
Myxomycetes[399] in the text-books of their respective subjects,
and the name Animal-fungi which has been applied to these organisms
expresses their dual relationship. They constitute one of three groups
which we may include in that intermediate zone or ‘buffer-state’
between the two kingdoms. From a palaeobotanical point of view the
Myxomycetes are of little interest, but a very brief reference may be
made to them rather for the sake of avoiding unnecessary incompleteness
in our classification than from their importance as possible fossils.
They are organisms without chlorophyll, consisting of a naked mass
of protoplasm, known as the _plasmodium_, which may attain a size of
several inches. Such plasmodia creep over the surface of decaying
organic substrata, and in forming their asexual reproductive cells
they are converted into somewhat complex fruits containing spores. The
spores produce motile swarm-cells, which eventually coalesce together
to form a new plasmodium.
A few examples of fossil Myxomycetes have been recorded from the
Palaeozoic and more recent formations, but none of them are entirely
beyond suspicion. We may mention three examples of fossils referred to
this group, but only one of these is entitled to serious consideration.
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