Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
There is another species of _Equisetites_, _E. Münsteri_, Schk., from
a lower geological horizon which has been compared with _E. lateralis_,
and lends support to the view that the so-called branch-scars are
nodal diaphragms[534]. This species also affords additional evidence
in favour of retaining the generic name _Equisetites_ for Phillips’
species. _Equisetites Münsteri_ is a typical Rhaetic plant; it has been
found at Beyreuth and Kuhnbach, as well as in Switzerland, Hungary
and elsewhere. A specimen of _Equisetites_ originally described by
Buckman as _E. Brodii_[535], from the Lower Lias of Worcestershire,
may possibly be identical with _E. Münsteri_. The leaf-sheaths of this
Rhaetic species consist of broad segments prolonged into acuminate
teeth; some of the examples figured by Schenk[536] show clearly marked
impressions of displaced nodal diaphragms exactly as in _E. lateralis_.
Another form, _Equisetum rotiferum_ described by Tenison-Woods[537]
from Australia, is closely allied to, or possibly identical with _E.
lateralis_.
[Illustration: FIG. 64. _Equisetites lateralis_ Phill. A. Part of a
stem showing leaf-sheaths and an imperfect diaphragm. B. A single
flattened leaf-sheath. C. A detached nodal diaphragm. From a
specimen in the York Museum. Slightly reduced.]
8. _Equisetites Burchardti_ Dunker[538]. Fig. 65.
This species of _Equisetites_ is fairly common in the Wealden beds of
the Sussex coast near Hastings, and also in Westphalia.
[Illustration: FIG. 65. _Equisetites Burchardti_ Dunk. Showing a node
with two tubers and a root. From a specimen in the British Museum.
Nat. size.]
It is characterised by having long and slender internodes, bearing at
the nodes leaf-sheaths with five or six pointed segments, and by the
frequent formation of branch-tubers. These tuberous branches closely
resemble those which are formed on the underground shoots of _Equisetum
arvense_ L., _E. sylvaticum_ L. and others; they occur either singly
or in chains[539]. In the specimen shown in the figure the left-hand
tuber is remarkably well preserved, its surface is somewhat sunk and
shrivelled, and the apex is surrounded by a nodal leaf-sheath. A thin
branched root is given off just below the point of insertion of the
oval tuber.
No other species of _Equisetites_ affords such numerous examples
of tubers as this Wealden plant. By some of the earlier writers the
detached tubers of _E. Burchardti_ were described as fossil seeds under
the name _Carpolithus_.
[Illustration: FIG. 66. _Equisetites Yokoyamae_ Sew. From specimens in
the British Museum. Nat. size.]
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