II. =Description of the anatomy of Calamites= 302–364 _a._ _Stems_ 304–329 _Arthropitys_, _Arthrodendron_, and _Calamodendron_. _b._ _Leaves_ 329–342 α. _Calamocladus_ (_Asterophyllites_) 332–336. _C. equisetiformis_ 335–336. β. _Annularia_ 336–342. _A. stellata_ 338–340. _A. sphenophylloides_ 341–342. _c._ _Roots_ 342–349 _d._ _Cones_ 349–365 _Calamostachys Binneyana_ 351–355. _C. Casheana_ 355–357. _Palaeostachya vera_ 358–360. _Calamostachys_, _Palaeostachya_ and _Macrostachya_ 361–364. III. =Pith-casts of Calamites= 365–380 _Calamitina_ 367–374. _Calamites_ (_Calamitina_) _Göpperti_ 372–374. _Stylocalamites_ 374–376. _C._ (_Stylocalamites_) _Suckowi_ 374–376. _Eucalamites_ 376–379. _C._ (_Eucalamites_) _cruciatus_ 378–379. IV. =Conclusion= 381–383 E. ARCHAEOCALAMITES 383–388 _A. scrobiculatus_ 386–387. CHAPTER XI. SPHENOPHYLLALES. Pp. 389–414. I. =SPHENOPHYLLUM= 389–414 A. =The anatomy of Sphenophyllum= 392–406 _a._ _Stems_ 392–398 _Sphenophyllum insigne_ and _S. plurifoliatum_ 397–398. _b._ _Roots_ 399 _c._ _Leaves_ 399 _d._ _Cones_ 401–406 _Sphenophyllostachys Dawsoni_ 402–405. _S. Römeri_ 405–406. B. =Types of vegetative Branches of Sphenophyllum= 407–412 _Sphenophyllum emarginatum_ 407–408. _S. trichomatosum_ 408–409. _S. Thoni_ 410–411. _S. speciosum_ 411–412. C. =Affinities, Range and Habit of Sphenophyllum= 412–414 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FRONTISPIECE. TREE STUMPS IN A CARBONIFEROUS FOREST. Drawn from a photograph. (M. Seward.) PAGE 57.