Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
_Clathropteris_, founded by Brongniart[958] for Rhaetic specimens from
Scania, agrees very closely with some species of _Dictyophyllum_,
but in view of the more rectangular form of the venation-meshes it
is convenient to retain both names. The type-species was originally
named _Filicites meniscoides_[959] and afterwards transferred to
_Clathropteris_. An examination of Brongniart’s specimens has
convinced Nathorst of the specific identity of _C. meniscoides_ and _C.
platyphylla_. The Tonkin leaves described by Zeiller[960] under the
latter name should, therefore, be included in _C. meniscoides_, which
may be thus defined:
The petiolate frond is characterised by an equal dichotomy of
the rachis, as in _Dictyophyllum_; each branch bore 5–15 pinnae,
disposed _en éventail_, reaching a length of 20–30 cm. and fused
basally as in _D. Nathorsti_ Zeill. Pinnae linear lanceolate,
slightly contracted at the lower end and gradually tapered
distally. The lamina, 3–14 cm. broad, is characterised by obtusely
pointed marginal lobes. From the midrib of each pinna lateral
veins are given off at a wide angle, and adjacent veins are
connected by a series of branches which divide the lamina into a
regular reticulum of rectangular and polygonal meshes (fig. 285).
The sori are abundant and contain 5–12 sporangia like those of
_Dictyophyllum_.
[Illustration: FIG. 285. _Clathropteris meniscoides._ From Rhaetic
rocks near Erlangen. [M.S.]]
[Illustration: FIG. 286. _Clathropteris egyptiaca._ (Nat. size.) _a_,
_b_, pieces of main ribs in grooves.]
What is probably the rhizome of this species has been described
by Nathorst (_Rhizomopteris cruciata_); it is similar to that of
_Dictyophyllum_, but the leaf-scars are more widely separated. This
species occurs in Upper Triassic, Rhaetic or Lower Jurassic rocks of
Scania, France, Germany, Switzerland, Bornholm, North America, China,
Tonkin, and Persia and is represented by fragments in the Rhaetic beds
of Bristol[961].
_Clathropteris egyptiaca_ Sew.[962] Fig. 286.
The specimen on which this species was founded was discovered in the
Nubian Sandstone east of Edfu; the age of the beds is uncertain, but
the presence of _Clathropteris_ suggests a Lower Jurassic or Rhaetic
horizon[963]. Seven strong ribs radiate through the lamina from the
summit of the petiole; at _a_ and _b_ small pieces of the projecting
ribs are shown in the grooves. From the main veins slender branches are
given off at right angles and, as seen in the enlarged drawing, these
again subdivide into a delicate reticulum with free-ending veinlets.
[Illustration: FIG. 287. _Camptopteris spiralis._ (After Nathorst. Much
reduced.)]
_Camptopteris._
_Camptopteris spiralis_, Nath. Figs. 282, C; 287.
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