Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
This Wealden species, represented in the North German flora and in
beds of approximately the same age at Quedlinburg, has been discovered
by Dr Marcus Gunn in Upper Jurassic rocks on the north-east coast of
Scotland. The lamina (12 cm. or more in length) is divided into five
to seven linear segments and bears a close superficial resemblance
to leaves of _Baiera_ and to recent species of _Schizaea_ (fig. 222,
p. 287). Each segment contains one or two main ribs (fig. 288, A). A
similar form is described by Bartholin[974] and by Moeller[975] as _H.
Forchammeri_ from Jurassic rocks of Bornholm.
_Hausmannia Kohlmanni_, Richt. Fig. 278, F.
In this species, instituted by Richter from material obtained from the
Lower Cretaceous beds of Strohberg[976], the comparatively slender
rhizome bears fronds with petioles reaching a length in extreme cases
of 25 cm. but usually of about 10 cm. The lamina (1–7 cm. long and
1–10 cm. broad) is described as leathery, obcordate, and divided into
two symmetrical halves by a median sinus which, though occasionally
extending more than half-way through the lamina, is usually shallow.
The venation consists of two main branches which diverge from the
summit of the petiole (fig. 278, F) and subdivide into dichotomously
branched ribs; finer veins (not shown in the drawing) are given off
from these at right angles and form more or less rectangular meshes
as in other members of the Dipteridinae and in such recent ferns as
_Polypodium quercifolium_ (fig. 231, D, p. 297).
The imperfect lamina represented in fig. 289 may belong to _Hausmannia
Richteri_ or may be a distinct species; it shows some of the finer
veins connecting the shorter forked ribs, which formed part of the
reticulate ramifying system in the mesophyll. This specimen was
obtained from the plant-beds of Culgower on the Sutherlandshire coast,
which have been placed by some geologists in the Kimmeridgian series.
The smaller type represented in fig. 278, E, is referred by Richter
to a distinct species, _Hausmannia Sewardi_[977], founded on a few
specimens from the Lower Cretaceous strata of Strohberg. This species
is characterised by a stouter rhizome bearing smaller leaves consisting
of a short petiole (3–4 cm. long) and an obovate lamina (1–2 cm. long
and broad). There are usually two opposite leaflets on each leaf-stalk,
and these may be equivalent to the two halves of a single deeply
dissected lamina.
[Illustration: FIG. 289. _Hausmannia sp._ Upper Jurassic, near
Helmsdale, Scotland. From a specimen in the British Museum. (Nat.
size.)]
It is interesting to compare these different forms of _Hausmannia_ with
the fronds of recent species of _Dipteris_ represented in fig. 231. The
more deeply dissected type, such as _H. dichotoma_, closely resembles
_D. Lobbiana_ or _D. quinquefurcata_, while the more or less entire
fossil leaves (fig. 278, E, F and fig. 289) are very like the somewhat
unusual form of _Dipteris conjugata_ shown in fig. 231, B, p. 297.
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