_Ottokaria bengalensis_ Zeiller. A specimen of doubtful affinity from the Lower Gondwana (Karharbari beds) of Passerabhia, India, was originally described by Zeiller[396] as _Feistmantelia bengalensis_, but in a postscript he substituted the name _Ottokaria_ on the ground that _Feistmantelia_ had previously been employed by Lester Ward. Fig. 433 is drawn from the original specimen: it consists of a stalk attached in a slightly excentric position to an almost orbicular lamina, 2·5 cm. in diameter, with subacute marginal teeth and traversed by numerous radially disposed striations. Zeiller compares the fossil with _Whittleseya elegans_ and _Rhipidopsis ginkgoides_ and assigns it with some hesitation to the Salisburieae. An examination of the type-specimen led me to form the opinion that it may be a cupular organ of a Pteridosperm that enclosed a seed. The lamina is slightly concave and has the form of a shallow cup; moreover the surface-features resemble those of a bract rather than the regularly veined lamina of a foliage-leaf. The specimen bears a very close resemblance to one figured by Bertrand[397] as the cupule of _Hexapterospermum modestae_ which he connects with fronds of _Neuropteris gigantea_. [Illustration: Fig. 433. _Ottokaria bengalensis._ (Nat. size; drawn from the type-specimen.)] _Ottokaria_ occurs in association with fronds of _Glossopteris indica_ and with the large seeds described by Zeiller[398] as _Cardiocarpus indicus_. I have lately obtained some evidence in favour of assigning Feistmantel’s seeds _Carpolithes Milleri_[399] to the genus _Glossopteris_: among several specimens from the Lower Gondwana rocks of India I found an example showing a seed partially covered by a scale-leaf in its natural position which appears to be identical with scale-leaves of _Glossopteris_. It may be that the specimen represented in fig. 433 belongs to _Cardiocarpus indicus_, though this is a mere guess: my belief is that _Ottokaria_ is a cupular organ that enclosed the base of a seed borne on a Pteridosperm. There is little doubt that as additional data are obtained it will be found that Pteridosperms played no inconsiderable part in the vegetation of Gondwana Land. [Illustration: Fig. 434. _Strobilites Milleryensis._ (Natural size; after Renault.)] =Strobilites.= Schimper and Mougeot. _Strobilites Milleryensis_ (Renault).