The large compound fronds of this species[449] are characterised by the regular dichotomy of the main branches, a feature frequently met with in Palaeozoic fern-like leaves: the cuneate or oval-cuneiform pinnules (fig. 443, A, C) vary considerably in breadth from the typical cuneate type of segment as figured by Brongniart[450] to narrow, almost linear, leaflets like those of _Sphenopteris crithmifolia_. Several spreading veins traverse the lamina. Lindley and Hutton, while admitting a very close resemblance between their species and _S. artemisaefolia_, adopted a distinctive name. The only evidence so far obtained as to the stem of the plant is furnished by some specimens in the Hutton collection (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) one of which shows a piece of rhizome bearing several petioles (fig. 443, B): there are no pinnules attached to the rachises but some occur in close association. Brongniart noticed the frequent association of _Eremopteris_ fronds with small seeds, but he regarded it as accidental. Dr Kidston[451] has recently drawn attention to a note by Prof. Duns published in 1872 on the juxtaposition of seeds and fronds, and Mr Howse[452] in his Catalogue of the Hutton plants considers that the seeds were borne on the _Eremopteris_ leaves; in his synonymy of _E. artemisaefolia_ he includes _Cardiocarpon acutum_ Lind. and Hutt. as the ‘spore-cases or sporangia.’ The _Eremopteris_ seeds are of the platyspermic (_Samaropsis_) type, broadly oval and about 7 mm. long with an obtuse base and two slightly divergent acute processes at the apex (fig. 444). Some specimens in Dr Kidston’s collection from the Lower Coal Measures of Midlothian, which were associated with _Eremopteris_ fronds, are preserved as mummified cuticular membranes and on microscopical examination they show clearly the presence of a pollen-chamber. The seeds are of the _Samaropsis_ type. The drawings reproduced in fig. 444 were made for me by Dr Kidston from two specimens, in his collection, of exceptionally well-preserved seeds from Midlothian: the seeds of this species vary considerably in size and form; some are almost orbicular and show no distinction between nucule and border (fig. 444, A) while in others (B) the impression of the flattened and longitudinally striated sarcotesta is clearly distinguished. Kidston is of opinion that in younger seeds there is a single apical point replaced in a later stage of development by two cusps, as seen in figs. A and B, formed by the opening of the micropylar tube. A ridge in the middle of the flattened surface indicates the position of the vascular bundles in the principal plane as in _Cardiocarpus_. The fully developed seeds are 8–9 mm. long. The correlation of the seeds represented in figs. 443 and 444 with _Eremopteris_ fronds furnishes an additional illustration of the impossibility of trusting to external form as a criterion of affinity, for it is known that seeds of the _Samaropsis_ type were produced by Pteridosperms with