The generic name _Niponophyllum_[747] was proposed for some petrified specimens of leaves or possibly leaflets from Upper Cretaceous beds in Japan which, though not definitely assigned to a group or family, are considered by the authors of the genus ‘to lie [anatomically] somewhere between _Cordaites_ and _Cycadeoidea_’ ‘with a closer similarity to the former than to the latter if we compare the whole _Cordaites_ leaf with our blade.’ The data on which this conclusion is based are, however, insufficient to justify a reference of _Niponophyllum_ to the Cordaitales or indeed to lend any substantial support to the opinion that the Japanese specimens are anatomically more akin to _Cordaites_ than to other plants. The type-species is represented by two specimens of leaf-fragments about 0·4 mm. thick and from 6 to 9 mm. broad containing from 21 to 33 vascular bundles; the upper part of the mesophyll is composed of palisade tissue and the stomata appear to be confined to the lower epidermis. Each bundle is accompanied by an =I=-shaped girder, and small patches of sclerenchyma occur next the upper epidermis between the girders; there are no resin-canals: the vascular bundles are collateral, the xylem is said to be almost entirely centripetal and exarch, but in the absence of evidence afforded by longitudinal sections the details of structure cannot be definitely determined. A comparison is made with Cycadean leaves and with leaves of Araucarineae and Podocarpeae, also with _Cordaites_; another type with which _Niponophyllum_ may be compared is _Desmiophyllum Solmsi_[748]. The genus is interesting as an example of a petrified gymnospermous type of leaf characterised by the absence of resin-ducts and transfusion-tracheids, the possession of collateral, apparently exarch, bundles enclosed in a double sheath; but the data supplied are insufficient to enable us to allocate the specimens to a position within the class. A specimen described by Schenk[749] as _Eolirion primigenium_ from Lower Cretaceous beds in the Carpathian mountains closely resembles in habit a foliage-shoot of _Poa-Cordaites_; the leaves are narrow and linear with obtuse apices and attached, apparently, in a close spiral. Schenk assigns the plant to the Monocotyledons, but its systematic position must be left unsettled. * * * * *