Additional proof of the occurrence of seeds on _Neuropteris_ fronds is furnished by examples from the Coal Measures of Holland described by Kidston and Jongmans[314]: these seeds are of the same general type as those from Coseley but nearly twice as large, and they were borne at the tips of a dichotomously branched pedicel of _Neuropteris obliqua_. Grand’Eury in 1904[315] recorded the association of radiospermic seeds with _Neuropteris_ fronds though no case of actual attachment was found. It is, however, noteworthy that he speaks of the frequent association with _Neuropteris_ of seeds characterised by six or rarely twelve longitudinal keels, a feature recalling the sclerotesta of _Trigonocarpus_ and allied seeds. Until petrified specimens are available it is impossible to refer the seeds of _Neuropteris_ to a generic type founded on structural features: the seeds described by Kidston are, as he says, very similar in external characters to species assigned to _Rhabdocarpus_, and there can be little doubt as to the generic identity of the _Neuropteris_ seeds and some of the impressions referred to _Rhabdocarpus_ which are characterised by a similarity in form, an apical snout that gives an asymmetrical appearance to the specimens and the presence of numerous longitudinal striations[316]. It is, however, by no means certain that these seeds possessed the morphological features of _Rhabdocarpus_ as described by Brongniart in petrified examples from St Étienne[317]. The seeds of _Neuropteris_ may, as Kidston suggests, agree anatomically more closely with _Pachytesta_[318], a type that Grand’Eury associates with _Alethopteris_ fronds. With a view to avoid the danger of incorrectly identifying petrified specimens and impressions that cannot be proved to belong to the same generic type, I have suggested the restriction of the name _Rhabdocarpus_[319] to seeds that do not furnish evidence as to internal structure, and the employment of the designation _Rhabdospermum_ for seeds that conform to those described by Brongniart as _Rhabdocarpus_. The seeds of _Neuropteris_ may be of the _Rhabdospermum_ type or they may agree anatomically more closely with _Trigonocarpus_ or _Pachytesta_; they are members of either the Trigonocarpales or the Cardiocarpales, probably the former group. Dr P. Bertrand[320] assigns to _Neuropteris gigantea_ some seeds of the _Hexapterospermum_ (= _Hexagonocarpus_[321]) type which occur in association with cupule-like organs. These supposed cupules resemble the _Potoniea_ leaflets with microsporangia also referred to the same species of _Neuropteris_; they are characterised by a laciniate edge and may be compared with the Indian fossil described by Zeiller as _Ottokaria bengalensis_[322] (fig. 433). Dr Arber[323] and Dr P. Bertrand[324] have independently proposed the generic name _Neurospermum_ for the seeds of _Neuropteris heterophylla_ and _N. obliqua_ in preference to _Rhabdocarpus_: the former author speaks