of the seeds of _N. heterophylla_ as _Neurospermum Kidstoni_. The generic term _Neuropterocarpus_ used by Grand’Eury in 1904[325], though not defined by him, has priority and avoids the adoption of a new designation for seeds attached to _Neuropteris_ fronds. In his definition of _Neurospermum_ Arber makes no reference to the obliquity of the apical snout that is clearly shown in fig. 422. There is no evidence that _Neuropterocarpus_ possessed a cupular investment comparable with that of _Lagenostoma_. Additional instances of the association of seeds with _Neuropteris_ fronds are recorded by Renier from the Belgian Coal Measures, also by Bertrand and Chodat from France: Renier found seeds associated with _N. Schlehani_ Stur and with the same species of frond Bertrand found impressions of oval ribbed seeds. Prof. Chodat[326] has figured some fragments of _Neuropteris_ pinnules referred to _N. auriculata_ Brongn. from the Stephanian of France which show small seed-like bodies apparently in organic connexion with the lamina; but the specimens are too imperfect to afford any satisfactory evidence as to the nature of the reproductive organs. Lotsy[327] has expressed the opinion that the bodies attached to _Neuropteris_ pinnae described by Kidston and other authors as seeds may possibly be vegetative buds, but if this were the case one would expect to find some evidence of the bud-nature in some at least of the specimens that have already been found. It would seem that the microsporophylls of _Neuropteris_ were constructed on different plans, some being of the type described by Zeiller and other observers as _Potoniea_, while others bore sporangia on pinnae without any accompanying laminae; but our knowledge of the latter form represented by Kidston’s specimen of _Neuropteris heterophylla_ (fig. 421, D) is very incomplete. On the other hand the seeds appear to have been characterised by features suggesting a close affinity to _Trigonocarpus_ and pointing to membership of the same family. _Alethopteris._ Although no specimens have been discovered showing actual connexion between fronds and seeds, it is practically certain that _Alethopteris_ leaves, or at least some species of the genus, bore seeds of the _Trigonocarpus_ type. The association of _Trigonocarpus Parkinsoni_ with _Alethopteris lonchitica_ is too frequent to be fortuitous and there is further evidence afforded by certain anatomical resemblances. In France other species of _Alethopteris_, _e.g._ _Alethopteris Serlii_ and _A. Grandini_, occur in association with _Pachytesta_[328], a large seed similar to _Trigonocarpus_, and _Trigonocarpus_ is found in the Pas-de-Calais coal-field with _Alethopteris Serlii_. =TRIGONOCARPUS.= Brongniart.