The specimen (fig. 430) is 9 cm. long and 4·2 cm. broad: at the slightly contracted and broken base is a piece of immature axis (fig. 430, B, _a_) 12 mm. in diameter overtopped by a mass of closely packed leaves encircling one another like the bulb-scales of an Onion (fig. 430 A, C)[382]. Most of the leaves included in the bud were attached to the axis below the broken base. The curved, dichotomously branched, veins are seen on some of the pieces of lamina on the surface of the bud (fig. 430, A). The considerable breadth of the leaves is demonstrated by the longitudinal and transverse sections. In fig. C most of the laminae can be traced through the whole height of each of the steep-sided arches: a few overlapping margins are seen in fig. D. The veins are for the most part imperfectly preserved and appear as clear spaces at regular intervals in the brown mesophyll. The axis of the shoot consists of homogeneous parenchyma except near the sloping sides where narrow dark bands (fig. 430, B, _a_) mark the position of desmogen-strands of thin-walled elongated elements representing an early stage in the development of vascular bundles some of which have already produced spiral tracheids. Short secretory cells accompany the immature conducting elements. The lamina slightly exceeds 2 mm. in thickness in the broadest part: the mesophyll is composed of large parenchymatous cells of elliptical or spherical form often loosely attached owing to the well-developed system of intercellular spaces. The lower epidermis, assuming that the outer face of the rolled leaves is the morphologically lower surface, forms a uniform layer of palisade cells characterised by their free conical ends (fig. 431, A, B, _e_) which in some oblique sections appear as sharply pointed papillae with almost filiform apices; but while the cells were doubtless papillose like those of the epidermis of a velvety petal, the pointed form is due in part to the greater distinctness of the dark contents as compared with the lighter cell-walls. The upper epidermis is much less distinct; it consists of smaller flattened cells with occasional stomata. Renault[383] figures a specimen with stomata in a better state of preservation. The vascular bundles are rendered conspicuous by large secretory cells on the lower side, in the larger veins in the form of an arc or irregular group (fig. 432, A), but in the finer veins as single cells (fig. 431, A, B). These sacs resemble the tannin cells accompanying the veins in a leaf of _Ginkgo_ (_cf._ fig. 631, G). The xylem-elements are of two kinds, (i) elongated spiral and scalariform conducting elements, forming a vertical plate of a few rows in the larger veins (figs. 431, 432) or a small compact group in the more slender veins (fig. 413, A, B); (ii) much larger isodiametric cells with reticulate or spiral thickening resembling the transfusion-tracheids of Conifers or, perhaps more closely, similar elements in the leaves of _Lepidodendron_. These short