Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric LifeMarkman, Harvey C.
Science
Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric Life
Markman, Harvey C.
Fossils; Paleontology
A generalized section for the western part of the Denver Basin is
introduced here for the use of local students. The formations normally
present in this region are shown in their usual position. They are
briefly described on the chart, and their thickness is indicated by
figures which may be regarded as near the maximum for the district. The
section will apply to most of the foothills area between Morrison and
Boulder though surface features and thickness of beds will vary
considerably from place to place.
Certain of the formations are known to be fossil bearing, others barren
or nearly so. When fossils are present they are usually restricted to
certain localities, and these may be widely scattered. The following
remarks apply to the possibilities for finding fossils in the formations
named.
_Denver and Arapahoe._
Leaf impressions of palms, ferns, and numerous species of well-known
trees and shrubs are common in many localities. Petrified wood is fairly
abundant, and a few scattered bones of reptiles and mammals have been
found. The two formations are treated as a unit because the Arapahoe is
neither conspicuous nor sharply defined. Denver beds are well exposed on
the slopes of Table Mountain at Golden; fossils, however, have been
obtained from several localities nearer the city of Denver, notably from
the hills just west of Overland Park.
_Laramie._
Plant material is locally abundant, principally the leaves of familiar
deciduous trees, palms, and ferns. Many of the clay pits being worked
near Golden are in this formation. Oysters and a few other mollusks may
be found in some places.
_Fox Hills._
Better exposures of this formation are located to the north of Denver.
Marine mollusks are most frequently found.
_Pierre._
In addition to the characteristic dark shales, this formation includes
some limy material and sandstone beds, both of which are fossiliferous
in places. Two types of marine mollusks are characteristic:
_Inoceramus_, generic name for several species of clam-like bivalves
readily identified by concentric elevations which produce a rippled
effect on the shell surfaces; and _Baculites_, cephalopods with
straight, chambered shells which often break at the suture lines, where
the fossil is weakened by the chamber walls. Small oyster shells are
fairly common also. The formation is to be found some distance to the
east of the prominent hogback where it weathers into smooth surfaces in
the form of broad valleys and flats, with rounded contours on the few
elevations that may be present. It forms a soft, flaky soil when dry, is
a sticky “gumbo” when wet. The clay is generally of a rather dark
grayish color when freshly exposed but it takes on a rusty appearance
after weathering. At various levels there are numerous iron-cemented
concretions, many of which contain fossil shells.
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