Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric Life — John Shaqi
Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric LifeMarkman, Harvey C.
Science
Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric Life
Markman, Harvey C.
Fossils; Paleontology
Among the quadrupedal vegetarians an interesting family is represented
by _Stegosaurus_, a late Jurassic dinosaur having a length of about
twenty feet. These creatures had heavy limbs, all used in walking, an
arched back, and almost no brain at all. A double row of large flattened
plates standing upright and extending from the rear of the skull nearly
to the tip of the tail provided some protection for the back of the
animal, but otherwise there was no defensive armor. Several long spikes
at the end of the tail probably served as weapons. The mounted skeleton
in our collection was obtained from Garden Park, near Canon City,
Colorado, a district which has long been famous for dinosaur remains.
The ankylosaurs were more completely armored with closely set bony
plates fitting neatly over the body. They were of about the same size as
the stegosaurs but the body was broad and somewhat flattened. These
armored quadrupeds apparently lived only during the Cretaceous period,
after the disappearance of the stegosaurs. Their tooth equipment was
very poor and in a few cases entirely lacking. _Ankylosaurus_ and
_Nodosaurus_ are good examples of the type. They have been described as
animated tanks and are sometimes referred to as having the appearance of
enormous horned toads.
Among the last of the dinosaurs to come and go were the horned
quadrupeds known as the Ceratopsia. Their entire history appears to have
been confined to the Upper Cretaceous and the closing stages of the
reptilian era in America. _Triceratops_ and _Monoclonius_ are well-known
representatives of the group. Besides the horns, which appeared above
the eyes or near the center of the nose, there was a broad, flattened,
backward extension of some of the skull bones which produced a great
frill or collar reaching over the neck as far back as the shoulders.
This frill, combined with the large skull, gave the animal the
appearance of being nearly one-third head. _Triceratops_ had three
horns, _Monoclonius_ only one. The average length of the animals was
slightly under twenty feet.
Although very little is known about the ancestry of the horned dinosaurs
a valuable discovery in Mongolia may throw some light on the subject. A
small dinosaur with a well-developed frill, but no horns, once inhabited
the region of the present Gobi desert, and in recognition of the
apparent relationship it has been named _Protoceratops_. In addition to
numerous skeletons, several nests of eggs were found in association with
the bones. Until this discovery was made, dinosaur eggs had been
practically unknown. A reproduction of one of these nests is among our
exhibits.
[Illustration: A Sea Turtle of Cretaceous Time (_Protostega gigas_)
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