John Paul spent more time in this kind of play than in going to school. In those days there were few schools, and book-learning was not thought to be of much use. At a parish school near by, John learned to spell and to repeat the rules of grammar. When he was twelve years old he felt that the time had come when he could be a real sailor. So his father allowed him to go across the firth to an English town called Whitehaven. There he was apprenticed to Mr. Younger, a merchant, who owned a ship and traded in goods brought from foreign lands. He soon went to sea in Mr. Younger's vessel, the _Friendship_. This ship was bound for America to get tobacco from the Virginia fields. II.--THE YOUNG SAILOR. At that time the trip across the Atlantic could not be made as quickly as now. There were no steamships, and the sailing vessels had, of course, to depend upon the wind to carry them to their destination. It was several months before the _Friendship_ anchored at the mouth of the Rappahannock River. Farther inland, on this river, was the town of Fredericksburg. John Paul's eldest brother, William, lived there. He had left his Scottish home many years before, and had come with his wife to Virginia. Here he was now living on his own plantation, where he raised tobacco for the English market. While the _Friendship_ was in port being loaded for its return voyage, John Paul went to Fredericksburg to stay with his brother. While there he spent the most of his time in hard study. Although he was still young, he had found that he could not succeed as he wished with so little education. It was during these months in America that he formed the habit of study. All through the remainder of his life his leisure time was given to the reading of books. After he returned to Scotland he spent six years in the employ of Mr. Younger. During that time he learned a great deal about good seamanship. When John Paul was nineteen years of age, the loss of money compelled Mr. Younger to give up his business. John Paul was soon afterward made mate on a slaver called the _Two Friends_. This was a vessel whose sole business was the carrying of slaves from Africa to America and other countries. People at that time did not think there was any wrong in slave-trading. It was a very profitable business. Even the sailors made more money than did those on vessels engaged in any other business. The _Two Friends_ carried a cargo of slaves to Jamaica, an English possession in the West Indies. As soon as port was reached, John Paul left the vessel. He said that he would never again sail on a slave-trading voyage. He could not endure to see men and women treated so cruelly, and bought and sold like cattle. He sailed for home as a passenger on board a small trading vessel. On the voyage both the captain and the mate died of fever, and the ship with all its passengers was in mid-ocean with no one to command.