English literature -- Middle English, 1100-1500; Great Britain -- History -- 14th century -- Sources
The original text preserved final _-e_ better than the extant MSS., e.g.
_And seyd<ė> þus þe king<ė> to_ 119.
_Þat noþing help<ė> þe no schal_ 172.
_Al þe vt<ė>mast<ė> wal_ 357.
_So, sir, as ȝe seyd<ė> nouþė_ 466.
#Sounds#: _ǭ_ for OE. _ā_ is proved in rime: _biholde_ (OE.
_beháldan_): _gold_ (OE. _góld_) 367-8 (cp. 467-8); and _yhote_ (OE.
_gehāten_): _note_ (OFr. _note_) 601-2.
The rime _frut_: _lite_ 257-8 points to original _frut_: _lut_ (OE.
_lȳt_), with Western _ǖ_, from OE. _ȳ_, riming with OFr.
_ǖ_.
* * * * *
1-22. These lines, found also in _Lai le Freine_, would serve as preface
to any of the Breton lays, with the couplet ll. 23-4 as the special
connecting link. In the Auchinleck MS., _Orfeo_ begins on a fresh leaf
at l. 25, without heading or capitals to indicate that it is a new poem.
The leaf preceding has been lost. There is good reason to suppose that
it contained the lines supplied in the text from the Harleian MS.
4. _frely_, 'goodly': _Lai le Freine_ has _ferly_ 'wondrous'.
12. MS. _moost to lowe_: means 'most (worthy) to be praised', and there
are two or three recorded examples of _to lowe_ = _to alowe_ in this
sense. But MS. Ashmole and the corresponding lines in _Lai le Freine_
point to _most o loue_ 'mostly of love' as the common reading. The
typical 'lay' is a poem of moderate length, telling a story of love,
usually with some supernatural element, in a refined and courtly style.
13. _Brytayn_, 'Brittany': so _Brytouns_ 16 = 'Bretons'. Cp. Chaucer,
_Franklin's Tale, Prologue_, beginning
_Thise olde gentil Britons in hir dayes
Of diverse aventures maden layes
Rymeyed in hir firste Briton tonge,
Whiche layes with hir instrumentz they songe_, &c.
20. The curious use of _it_ after the plural _layes_ is perhaps not
original. _Lai le Freine_ has: _And maked a lay and yaf it name_.
26. _In Inglond_: an alteration of the original text to give local
colour. Cp. ll. 49-50 and l. 478.
29-30. _Pluto_: the King of Hades came to be regarded as the King of
Fairyland; cp. Chaucer, _Merchant's Tale_, l. 983 _Pluto that is the
kyng of fairye_. The blunder by which Juno is made a king is apparently
peculiar to the Auchinleck copy.
33-46. These lines are not in the Auchinleck MS., but are probably
authentic. Otherwise little prominence would be given to Orfeo's skill
as a harper.
41 ff. A confused construction: _In þe world was neuer man born_ should
be followed by _<þat> he <ne> schulde þinke_; but the writer goes on as
if he had begun with 'every man in the world'. _And_ = 'if'.
46. _ioy and_ overload the verse, and are probably an unskilful addition
to the text.
49-50. These lines are peculiar to the Auchinleck MS., and are clearly
interpolated; cp. l. 26 and l. 478. Winchester was the old capital of
England, and therefore the conventional seat of an English king.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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