Military Frontier.--The Canadian Settler.--Seignior and Vassal.--Example of Talon.--Plan of Settlement.--Aspect of Canada.--Quebec.--The River Settlements.--Montreal.--The Pioneers. CHAPT XV. 1663-1763. CANADIAN FEUDALISM. Transplantation of Feudalism.--Precautions.--Faith and Homage. --The Seignior.--The Censitaire.--Royal Intervention.--The Gentilhomme.--Canadian Noblesse. CHAPT XVI. 1663-1763. THE RULERS OF CANADA. Nature of the Government.--The Governor.--The Council.--Courts and Judges.--The Intendant.--His Grievances.--Strong Government.--Sedition and Blasphemy.--Royal Bounty.--Defects and Abuses. CHAPT XVII. 1663-1763. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. Trade in Fetters.--The Huguenot Merchants.--Royal Patronage.--The Fisheries.--Cries for Help.--Agriculture.--Manufactures.--Arts of Ornament.--Finance.--Card Money.--Repudiation.--Imposts.--The Beaver Trade.--The Fair at Montreal.--Contraband Trade.--A Fatal System.--Trouble and Change.--The Coureurs de Bois.-The Forest.--Letter of Carheil. CHAPT XVIII. 1663-1702. THE MISSIONS. THE BRANDY QUESTION. The Jesuits and the Iroquois.--Mission Villages.--Michillimackinac.--Father Carheil.--Temperance.--Brandy and the Indians.--Strong Measures.--Disputes.--License and Prohibition.--Views of the King.--Trade and the Jesuits. CHAPT XIX. 1663-1763. PRIESTS AND PEOPLE. Church and State.--The Bishop and the King.--The King ana the Cure's.--The New Bishop.--The Canadian Curé.--Ecclesiastical Rule.--Saint-Vallier and Denonville.--Clerical Rigor.--Jesuit and Sulpitian.--Courcelle and Châtelain.--The Recollets.--Heresy and Witchcraft.--Canadian Nuns.--Jeanne Le Ber.--Education.--The Seminary.--Saint Joachim.--Miracles of Saint Anne.--Canadian Schools. CHAPT XX. 1640-1763. MORALS AND MANNERS Social Influence of the Troops.--A Petty Tyrant.--Brawls.--Violence and Outlawry.--State of the Population.--Views of Denonville.--Brandy.--Beggary.--The Past and the Present.--Inns.--State of Quebec.--Fires.--The Country Parishes.--Slavery.--Views of La Hontan.--Of Hocquart.--Of Bougainville--Of Kalm.--Of Charlevoix. CHAPT XXI. 1663-1763. CANADIAN ABSOLUTISM. Formation of Canadian Character.--The Rival Colonies.--England and France.--New England.--Characteristics of Race.--Military Qualities.--The Church.--The English Conquest. I. THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION. CHAPTER I. 1653-1658. THE JESUITS AT ONONDAGA. _The Iroquois War.--Father Poncet.-->His Adventures.--Jesuit Boldness.--Le Moyne’s Mission.--Chaumonot and Dablon.--Iroquois Ferocity.--The Mohawk Kidnappers.--Critical Position.--The Colony of Onondaga.--Speech op Chaumonot.--Omens of Destruction.--Device of the Jesuits.--The Medicine Feast.--The Escape._