Val Richer--The home of Guizot--The French Protestants and the Third Republic--Free education in France the work of Guizot--Education in France checked by the Revolution--Mediaeval provisions for public education--The effect of the English and the religious wars upon education in France--Indiscriminate destruction of educational foundations by the First Republic--Progress of illiteracy after 1793--The guillotine as a financial expedient--The Directory painted by themselves--The two Merlins--'Republican Titans' wearing royal livery--Barras on the cruelty of poltroons--Education under Napoleon--The Concordat and the Church--Napoleon's University of France--A machine for creating moral unity--The despotism of 1802 and 1882--The Liberals of 1830--Primary education under M. Guizot--The rights of the family and the encroachments of the State--Catholic vindication of Protestant liberty under Louis XIV.--The heirs of M. Guizot in Normandy and Languedoc--M. de Witt at Val Richer--Three historic chateaux--The birthplace of Montesquieu at La Brede--The Abbey of Thomas a-Becket--The Chateau de Broglie--Lisieux--M. Guizot as a landscape gardener--A Protestant statesman among the Catholics of the Calvados--The Sieur de Longiumeau and the sacred right of insurrection--'Moral unity' and 'moral harmony'--Catholicism in the Calvados, Brittany, and Poitou--Charlotte Corday--The historic family of De Witt--An election in the Calvados--The people and the functionaries--Bonnebosq--The Normans and personal liberty--The procedure of a French election--Mayors with votes in their sleeves--Glass urns and wooden boxes--Gerrymandering in France and America--Catholic constituents congratulating their Protestant candidate--'Vive le roi!'--M. Bocher on two Republican presidents--Wilsonism and the Norman farmers--The domestic distilleries--The war against religion in Normandy--'The Church as the key of trade'--How the officials revise the elections--Prefects interfering in the elections--A solid Monarchist department--Politics and the apple crop--The weak point of the Monarchists--The traditions of Versailles and 'modern high life'--Louis XV. and Barras--Madame Du Barry and Madame Tallien--The 'noble' grooms of ignoble _cocottes_--The Legitimists under the Empire--The war of 1870-71, and the fusion of classes--Historic names in the French army--Officers and the chateaux--An American minister and the Comte de Paris--The Monarchist and the Republican representatives--The Duc de Broglie in the Eure--Architectural evidence as to the social life of the _ancien regime_--The war of classes a consequence, not a cause, of the Revolution--The Vicomte de Noailles and Artemus Ward--Feudal serfs and New York anti-renters--Jefferson and _lettres de cachet_--The Bastille and the Tower of London--Don Quixote and the wine skins--The Chateau d'Eu--Private rights in the 14th century--The 'Nonpareil'