Government--Persecution of the Protestants--'Pray, what is God?'--Strength of Socialism in South-eastern France--Two typical departments--Socialism in the Bouches-du-Rhone--Historic France in the Calvados--Boulanger at Marseilles--A Socialist coachman at Arles--A great Catholic employer of labour at Marseilles--The largest glycerine works in the world--Church candles and dynamite--Taxing industries to death--Dutch competition with France--A Christian corporation in Marseilles--'An economical kitchen'--An uphill fight for law and order--The Christians of the 4th and of the 19th centuries--The Radicals hold the bridle--Shall France be Christian or Nihilist?--Ernest Renan on the situation in 1872--Jules Simon on the situation in 1882--The 'civic duties' of man and the guillotine--What will the situation be in 1892? 437-515 MAP OF FRANCE _at end of book_ * * * * * _Errata_ P. 24, 11 lines from top, _for_ rival _read_ rural. P. 64, line 1, _for_ de Royes _read_ de Royer. P. 91, line 6 from top. M. Spuller, Prefect of the Somme in 1880, was the brother of the present Minister of Foreign Affairs, not the Minister himself. P. 96, line 5 from top, _for Montauban _read_ Montaudon. P. 105, line 4 from bottom, _for_ being _read_ long. P. 395, 3 lines from top, _for_ Abbeys _read_ Abbaye. Wherever found, _for_ de Fallieres _read_ Fallieres. BIBLIOGRAPHY As I have not wished to swell the bulk of this book by references, and as many statements made in it concerning men and things of the first Republic may seem to my readers to need verification, I subjoin a brief list of authorities consulted by me in this connection. It is incomplete, but will be found to cover every material point concerning the epoch to which it refers. BIRE, E. La Legende des Girondins. CAMPARDON, EMILE. Le Tribunal Revolutionnaire a Paris d'apres les Documents Originaux. DAUBAN, C. A. La Demagogie a Paris en 1793. DAUBAN, C. A. Les Prisons de Paris sous la Revolution. DAUBAN, C. A. Memoires Inedits de Petion, de Buzot et de Barbaroux. DAUBAN, C. A. Memoires de Madame Roland. Etude sur Madame Roland. Lettres en partie inedites de Madame Roland. DE BARANTE. Histoire de la Convention Nationale. DE LAVERGNE, L. (de l'Institut). Economie rurale de la France depuis 1789. DE MONTROL, F. Memoires de Brissot, publies par son fils. DE PRESSENSE, EDMOND. L'Eglise et la Revolution Francaise. DONIOL, H. Histoire des Classes Rurales en France. DU BLED. Les Causeurs de la Revolution. DURAND DE MAILLANE. Histoire de la Convention Nationale. FEUILLET DE CONCHES. Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette et Madame Elisabeth. FORNERON, H. Histoire Generale des Emigres. GALLOIS, LEONARD. Histoire des Journaux et des Journalistes de la Revolution Francaise.