[Illustration: _EMPEROR NAPOLEON I._] FRANCE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 1830-1890 BY ELIZABETH WORMELEY LATIMER AUTHOR OF "SALVAGE," "MY WIFE AND MY WIFE'S SISTER," "PRINCESS AMÉLIE," "FAMILIAR TALKS ON SOME OF SHAKESPEARE'S COMEDIES," ETC. NOTE The sources from which I have drawn the materials for this book are various; they come largely from private papers, and from articles contributed to magazines and newspapers by contemporary writers, French, English, and American. I had not at first intended the work for publication, and I omitted to make notes which would have enabled me to restore to others the "unconsidered trifles" that I may have taken from them. As far as possible, I have endeavored to remedy this; but should any other writer find a gold thread of his own in my embroidery, I hope he will look upon it as an evidence of my appreciation of his work, and not as an act of intentional dishonesty. E. W. L. SEPTEMBER, 1892. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. CHARLES X. AND THE DAYS OF JULY II. LOUIS PHILIPPE AND HIS FAMILY III. LOUIS NAPOLEON'S EARLY CAREER IV. TEN YEARS OF THE REIGN OF THE CITIZEN-KING V. SOME CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1848 VI. THE DOWNFALL OF LOUIS PHILIPPE VII. LAMARTINE AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC VIII. THE COUP D'ÉTAT IX. THE EMPEROR'S MARRIAGE X. MAXIMILIAN AND MEXICO XI. THE EMPEROR AND EMPRESS AT THE SUMMIT OF PROSPERITY XII. PARIS IN 1870,--AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER XIII. THE SIEGE OF PARIS XIV. THE PRUSSIANS IN FRANCE XV. THE COMMUNE XVI. THE HOSTAGES XVII. THE GREAT REVENGE XVIII. THE FORMATION OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC XIX. THREE FRENCH PRESIDENTS XX. GENERAL BOULANGER LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. EMPEROR NAPOLEON I CHARLES X LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF ORLEANS DUCHESSE DE BERRY QUEEN MARIE AMÉLIE LOUIS PHILIPPE, "THE CITIZEN KING" ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE LOUIS NAPOLEON, "THE PRINCE PRESIDENT" DUC DE MORNY EUGÉNIE EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN EMPEROR NAPOLEON III EMPRESS EUGÉNIE JULES SIMON JULES FAVRE MONSEIGNEUR DARBOY, ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS PRESIDENT ADOLPH THIERS LÉON GAMBETTA COMTE DE CHAMBORD PRESIDENT JULES GRÉVY PRESIDENT SADI-CARNOT GENERAL BOULANGER FRANCE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 1830-1890. * * * * * CHAPTER I. CHARLES X. AND THE DAYS OF JULY.