Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579Heizer, Robert F. (Robert Fleming)
History
Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579
Heizer, Robert F. (Robert Fleming)
Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596 -- Travel -- California; Indians of North America -- California
[99] The ground squirrel and Point Reyes mountain beaver have been
variously identified as Fletcher's "conies." See Wagner, _Drake's
Voyage_, p. 492-493, n. 42.
[100] See photograph in McAdie, "Nova Albion--1579," fig. 1.
[101] Kelly, "Coast Miwok Ethnography."
[102] Kroeber, _Handbook_, p. 277.
[103] These "burnt offerings" are ascribed to the Trinidad Bay Yurok by
Wagner (_Drake's Voyage_, p. 157), but there is no need to look so far
afield for parallels when the Coast Miwok-Pomo area fits the case so
well.
[104] Memorial ceremonies for the dead are a characteristic feature of
central California culture; see Loeb, _The Western Kuksu Cult_, p. 117
(Coast Miwok).
[105] Heizer and Elmendorf, "Francis Drake's California Anchorage."
[106] For evidence of this, using the words on Drake's plate of brass,
see Allen Chickering, "Some Notes with Regard to Drake's Plate of Brass"
and "Further Notes on the Drake Plate."
[107] Powers, _Tribes of California_, p. 171. Cf. the Huchnom song
facing p. 144.
[108] Loeb, _The Western Kuksu Cult_, pp. 103, 127, 128.
[109] Loeb, _Pomo Folkways_, pp. 374, 392, 393. See also Barrett,
_Ceremonies_, pp. 409, 413.
[110] Because of the high degree of similarity between all phases of
Pomo and Coast Miwok ceremonies, a close correspondence, or even
identity, in the songs connected with these ceremonies may safely be
assumed.
[111] Davidson, "Identification of Sir Francis Drake's Anchorage," p.
35.
[112] J. P. Munro-Fraser, _History of Marin County_ (San Francisco,
1880), pp. 96-97.
[113] Wagner, _Drake's Voyage_, pp. 148, 167, 494.
[114] Wagner, "The Last Spanish Exploration," p. 334.
[115] Wagner, _Drake's Voyage_, p. 167.
[116] A. L. Kroeber, _Culture Element Distributions, XV: Salt, Dogs,
Tobacco_, Univ. Calif. Anthro. Rec., Vol. VI, No. 1 (Berkeley, 1941),
pp. 6 ff., map 5.
[117] Kelly, "Coast Miwok Ethnography."
[118] Powers, _Tribes of California_, p. 200.
[119] Kelly's informant did say that "before steamers used to travel
along the coast" certain occurrences in connection with this belief in
the land of the dead took place. This may be a memory of an incident
which once was more specifically remembered. At best, however, it is
improbable that there would be any tradition of Drake's visit per se.
[120] Such incidents are not uncommon in California. Note, for example,
the legendary significance of Mount Diablo to the Indian tribes of
central California.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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