Produced by Nick Wall, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net FREEDOM IN SERVICE SIX ESSAYS ON MATTERS CONCERNING BRITAIN'S SAFETY AND GOOD GOVERNMENT By F. J. C. HEARNSHAW, M.A., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF MEDIÆVAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1916 TO THE GLORIOUS AND IMMORTAL MEMORY OF LORD ROBERTS CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE ix I.--THE ANCIENT DEFENCE OF ENGLAND I. UNIVERSAL OBLIGATION TO SERVE 1 II. THE OLD ENGLISH MILITIA 4 III. MEDIÆVAL REGULATIONS 6 IV. TUDOR AND STUART DEVELOPMENTS 9 V. THE LAST TWO CENTURIES 12 VI. CONCLUSION 15 II.--COMPULSORY SERVICE AND LIBERTY I. THE PLEA OF FREEDOM 17 II. THE TERM "LIBERTY" 18 III. LIBERTY AS FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN CONTROL 20 IV. LIBERTY AS SYNONYMOUS WITH RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 21 V. LIBERTY AS ABSENCE OF RESTRAINT 23 VI. LIBERTY AS OPPORTUNITY FOR SERVICE 27 III.--THE VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE I. THE IDEA OF VOLUNTARISM 30 II. ITS ESTABLISHMENT 31 III. THE RESULT 33 IV. THE PRESENT SITUATION 36 V. THE FUTURE 38 IV.--PASSIVE RESISTANCE I. THE NEW PERIL 43 II. PASSIVE RESISTANCE AS REBELLION 45 III. THE RIGHT OF REBELLION 47 IV. REBELLION AGAINST A DEMOCRACY 50 V. THE DUTY OF THE STATE 55 V.--CHRISTIANITY AND WAR I. A CONFLICT OF CONVICTIONS 58 II. THE RELIGION OF THE BIBLE 61 III. THE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH 63 IV. FORCE AS A MORAL INSTRUMENT 66 V. THE IDEAL OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 69 VI. THE PACIFICIST SUCCESSION 74 VII. CONCLUSION 78 VI.--THE STATE AND ITS RIVALS I. THE IDEA OF THE STATE IN ENGLAND 81 II. THE RIVALS OF THE STATE 87 III. WHAT THE STATE IS AND DOES 95