[192] One candidate was elected in two districts which required a new election in one of them, in which the social democrats lost. This reduced the number of their members to twelve. [193] The leading organ of the social democrats, the _Sozial-demokrat_, of Zurich, gave a fair report of the proceedings, which was reprinted in the _Vorbote_ of Chicago, May 5, 1883. [194] This quotation is taken from my article in the _International Review_ on “Bismarck’s Plan,” etc., May, 1882. The remaining quotations in this chapter are taken from the same article when no other reference is given. [195] _Vide_ a description of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Employees’ Relief Association, by B. J. Ramage, in the Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. [196] The first four conditions are taken from the American translation of Roscher; the fifth is translated by the author from a subsequent German edition. [197] Mehring, S. 80. [198] Born in 1833. [199] The Rev. Samuel A. Barnett mentions the following as socialistic laws on the statute-book of England: “The Poor Law,” “The Education Act,” “The Established Church,” “The Land Act,” and “The Libraries Act;” _vide_ his article on “Practicable Socialism” (_Nineteenth Century Magazine_, April, 1883). [200] Cf. Lev. xxv. and Deut. xv. [201] “Munera Pulveris” (New York, 1872), pp. 141, 142. [202] Cf. Wagner’s celebrated “Rede über die sociale Frage” (Berlin, 1872). [203] _Vide_ Macaulay, “History of England.” Cf. article “Budget,” by Spofford, in “Cyclopædia of Political Science,” in regard to increase of expenses of various states. [204] “Ueber einige Grundfragen des Rechts und der Volkswirthschaft” (Jena, 1875). [205] Quoted by Kaufmann in “Lamennais and Kingsley,” _Contemporary Review_, April, 1882. [206] “Paroles d’ un Croyant,” pp. 16-18. [207] Alton Locke, ch. xli. [208] Quoted from Kaufmann’s article. [209] Dated Chester, October 6, 1882. [210] “Die Arbeiterfrage und das Christenthum” (Mainz, 1864), Seite 112. [211] He attributes the abolition of slavery to the Church. [212] The Catholic Church in Germany has been instrumental in establishing a large number of _Gesellenvereine_, or bachelors’ unions. They resemble in many respects our Young Men’s Christian Associations. [213] De Laveleye. [214] Quoted by Kaufmann in his article on Lamennais and Kingsley, in the _Contemporary Review_, April, 1882. INDEX. Adams, C. K., criticism on Louis Blanc’s “Histoire de la Révolution Française,” 111. Albert, colleague of Louis Blanc, 111. Anarchists, Proudhon avows himself one of them, 135; their prominent representatives in France, 146; equality their doctrine, 147; declaration of principles, 148; separation from the International Workingmen’s Association, 185. Antonelle, member of the Committee of Insurrection, 32. Aristotle, defence of slavery, 176.