Social democrats, views of, concerning the crimes of the rich, 11; Mehring’s history of, in Germany, 17; irreligious attitude of, 23; one of the divisions of communism and socialism, 30, 169; the collectivists are social democrats, 149; are international, 150; admit the necessity of land and capital, 168; Marx their leading theoretician, 170; “Das Kapital” the Bible of, 173; Lassalle their leading agitator, 189; rise of, 194, 203; doctrines, 197; extremists, 204; characteristics, 204; demands, 205; some beneficial doctrines, 205; movement towards communism, 206; their programme involves army discipline, 209; since the death of Lassalle, 211; universal suffrage, 211; number of their votes for the members of the Reichstag, 213; blamed for attempts on the life of the emperor, 214; congress at Wyden, 1880, 215; at Copenhagen, 1883, 216; grounds of their discontent, 216; internal history of the party after Lassalle’s death, 225; the Laborers’ Union, 225; Social Democratic Labor Party, 227; change in since Lassalle, 231; violence thought necessary, 232; connection with attempts on the life of the emperor, 233; compared with early Christians, 233. Socialism, object, 1; peculiarities of modern schemes, 2; cosmopolitan, 3; older schemes, 4; before the French Revolution, 4; taught the necessity of new forms of society after the French Revolution, 13; proper method of treatment, 14; hatred of most authors for, 16; opposed to individualism, 29; distinguished from communism, 30; modern schemes of, 30; Saint-Simonism _vide_ Saint-Simon, Fourierism _vide_ Fourier, connection with politics, 109; principle of authority, 124; Proudhon, 124; in France since Proudhon, 143; cause of French, 143; existing French, 144; Blanquists, 145; anarchists, 146; nihilism, 146; anarchists believe in collectivism, 149; collectivists, 150; classical epoch-making is to-day German, 156; vitality of German, 156; German, like French, is negative, 157; adherents of German school of, 158; Rodbertus, 159; classification of German, 169; Marx, 170; International Workingmen’s Association, 183; Lassalle, 189; conditions productive of, 221; Bismarck’s measures, 235; professorial, 236; belief of professorial, 236, 241; mosaic legislation, 237; formation of party of professorial socialists, 237; Mill’s statement of doctrines of professorial, 238; convention at Eisenach in 1872, 240; questions discussed, 240; exaltation of the state by professorial, 241; Wagner’s law of expenditures of government, 242; accomplishment of Wagner’s ideal, 243; professorial repudiates self-interest, 243; De Lamennais and Christian, 245; Christian, in England, 249; co-operative societies, 251;