The Dauphin of France (eldest son of the king) carried the same number of _fleurs-de-lis_, but the arches over them were formed of dolphins. The eldest son of the King of France took his title from the old province of Dauphiné, in the south-east of France, and was usually spoken of as Monsieur Le Dauphin. The first Dauphin was created in 1349, and the last, Louis Antoine, Duc d’Angoulême, son of King Charles X., assumed the title on his father’s accession to the throne of France on September 16th, 1824, but owing to the Revolution of 1830, which dethroned Charles X., he did not succeed to the throne. The Duc d’Angoulême died on June 3rd, 1844, when in all probability this ancient title became extinct. The Dauphin bore quarterly the arms of France and Dauphiné. The other princes of the blood royal carried a coronet surmounted by the same number of _fleurs-de-lis_, three and two halves, without any diadem. Dukes carried a golden crown having eight ornamented strawberry leaves (fleurons), of which, in engravings, only three leaves and two halves are visible. Marquis: Four strawberry leaves, between each of which is a trefoil formed of pearls. One and two half leaves are visible, separated by two trefoils. Counts: A coronet surmounted by sixteen large pearls, held upon projecting points. Only nine pearls are shown in engravings. [Illustration: BOOK-PLATE OF BENOÎT MARSOLLIER, SQUIRE, SECRETARY TO THE KING (WITH THE CORONET OF COUNT).] Viscounts: Four large pearls (three only showing), with smaller pearls between. Baron: A golden crown surrounded by strings of pearls. Chevalier-bannerets: They carried a ring of gold ornamented with pearls. Wreath: A roll of ribbons of the tinctures of the shield, or of the favourite colours of the knight’s betrothed. This was placed over the helmet simply as an ornament, and not as any indication of the rank of the bearer. The rank of Marshal of France was indicated by two batons in saltire behind the shield. These batons were azure, semée of _fleurs-de-lis_, or. Under the Bourbons, Marshals of France were numerous, and this badge is frequently met with on book-plates. Officers of artillery usually decorated their plates with cannons and cannon balls below the arms; cavalry officers placed trophies of flags behind their shields. The Admiral of France (answering to our old title Lord High Admiral) bore two anchors in saltire behind his shield, whilst admirals carried an anchor in pale behind their shields. The Chancellor of France bore two maces in saltire behind his shield. In a similar manner, all the great Officers of State, and the Court dignitaries, bore the badges of their offices in addition to their family arms, and numerous as were these functionaries, there could be no confusion between their achievements, so appropriate were their devices to their offices.