Both the Roman Catholic and the Protestant lines of French pulpit
eloquence are continued down to our own day. Lacordaire, Pere Felix,
Pere Hyacinthe, of the Catholics, Frederic Monod, Adolph Monod,
Coquerel, of the Protestants, are names worthy to be here set down; and
it may be added that Eugene Bersier, deceased in 1889, challenges on the
whole not unequal comparison with the men treated in this chapter for
pulpit power. He may be described as a kind of nineteenth-century
Bossuet, tempered to Massillon, among French Protestant preachers.
But there is no Louis XIV. now to cast over any great preachers, even of
the Roman Catholics, the illusive, factitious, reflected glory of the
person and court, the sentence and seal, of the "most illustrious
sovereign of the world."
The seventeenth-century sacred eloquence of France, the sacred
eloquence, that is to say, of the "great" French age, will always remain
a unique tradition in the history of the pulpit.
XIII.
FENELON.
1651-1715.
If Bossuet is to Frenchmen a synonym for sublimity, no less to them is
Fenelon a synonym for saintliness. From the French point of view, one
might say, "the sublime Bossuet," "the saintly Fenelon," somewhat as one
says, "the learned Selden," "the judicious Hooker." It is as much a
French delight to idealize Fenelon an archangel Raphael, affable and
mild, as it is to glorify Bossuet a Michael in majesty and power.
But saintliness of character was in Fenelon commended to the world by
equal charm of person and of genius. The words of Milton describing Eve
might be applied, with no change but that of gender, to Fenelon, both
the exterior and the interior man:
Grace was in all his steps, heaven in his eye,
In every gesture dignity and love.
The consent is general among those who saw Fenelon, and have left behind
them their testimony, that alike in person, in character, and in genius,
he was such as we thus describe him.
Twice, in his youth, he was smitten to the heart with a feeling of
vocation to be a missionary. Both times he was thwarted by the
intervention of friends. The second time, he wrote disclosing his
half-romantic aspiration in a glowing letter of confidence and
friendship to Bossuet, his senior by many years, but not yet become
famous. Young Fenelon's friend Bossuet was destined later to prove a
bitter antagonist, almost a personal foe.
Until he was forty-two years old, Francois Fenelon lived in comparative
retirement, nourishing his genius with study, with contemplation, with
choice society. He experimented in writing verse. Not succeeding to his
mind, he turned to prose composition, and, leading the way, in a new
species of literature, for Rousseau, for Chateaubriand, for Lamartine,
and for many others, to follow, went on writing what, in ceasing to be
verse, did not cease to be poetry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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