The tentacles vary in number, but are never very numerous. They are
disposed in a single circle round the oral disk and are hollow, each
containing a prolongation of the central cavity of the column. Like the
column but to an even greater degree they are contractile, and in some
forms they are capable of great elongation. They cannot seize any object
between them, but are able to move in all directions.
The disk that surrounds the mouth, which is a circular aperture, is
narrow and can to some extent assume the form of a conical proboscis,
although this feature is never so marked as it is in some hydroids. The
basal disk is even narrower and is not splayed out round the edges.
[Illustration: Fig. 27.--Nettle-cells of _Hydra_.
A=capsules from nettle-cells of a single specimen of the summer phase of
_H. vulgaris_ from Calcutta, × 480: figures marked with a dash represent
capsules with barbed threads. B=a capsule with the thread discharged,
from the same specimen, × 480. C=capsule with barbed thread, from a
specimen of _H. oligactis_ from Lahore. D=undischarged nettle-cell of
_H. vulgaris_ from Europe (after Nussbaum, highly magnified).
E=discharged capsule of the same (after the same author).
_a_=cnidoblast; _b_=capsule; _c_=thread; _d_=cnidocil. Only the base of
the thread is shown in E.]
A section through the body-wall shows it to consist of the three typical
layers of the coelenterates, viz., (i) an outer cellular layer of
comparatively small cells, the ectoderm; (ii) an intermediate,
structureless or apparently structureless layer, the mesogloea or
"central jelly"; and (iii) an internal layer or endoderm consisting of
relatively large cells. The cells of the ectoderm are not homogeneous.
Some of them possess at their base narrow and highly contractile
prolongations that exercise the functions of muscles. Others are
gland-cells and secrete mucus; others have round their margins delicate
ramifying prolongations and act as nerve-cells. Sense-cells, each of
which bears on its external surface a minute projecting bristle, are
found in connection with the nerve-cells, and also nettle-cells of more
than one type.
The mesogloea is very thin.
The endoderm consists mainly of comparatively large cells with polygonal
bases which can be seen from the external surface of the column in
colourless individuals. Their inner surface is amoeboid and in certain
conditions bears one or more vibratile cilia or protoplasmic lashes.
Nettle-cells are occasionally found in the endoderm, but apparently do
not originate in this layer.
The walls of the tentacles do not differ in general structure from those
of the column, but the cells of the endoderm are smaller and the
nematocysts of the ectoderm more numerous, and there are other minor
differences.
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