1. Paludicella, _Gervais_ 192 2. Victorella, _Kent_ 194 26. bengalensis, _Annandale_ 195 Fam. 2. HISLOPIIDÆ 199 1. Hislopia, _Carter_ 199 27. lacustris, _Carter_ 202 27 _a_. moniliformis, _Annandale_ 204 Order PHYLACTOLÆMATA 206 Div. 1. Plumatellina 206 Fam. 1. FREDERICELLIDÆ 208 1. Fredericella, _Gervais_ 208 28. indica, _Annandale_ 210, 245 Fam. 2. PLUMATELLIDÆ 211 Subfam. A. _Plumatellinæ_ 212 1. Plumatella, _Lamarck_ 212 29. fruticosa, _Allman_ 217 30. emarginata, _Allman_ 220, 245 31. javanica, _Kraepelin_ 221 32. diffusa, _Leidy_ 223, 245 33. allmani, _Hancock_ 224, 246 34. tanganyikæ, _Rousselet_ 225, 246 35. punctata, _Hancock_ 227 2. Stolella, _Annandale_ 229 36. indica, _Annandale_ 229 himalayana, _Annandale_ 246 Subfam. B. _Lophopinæ_ 231 1. Lophopodella, _Rousselet_ 231 37. carteri (_Hyatt_) 232 37 _a_. himalayana (_Annandale_) 233 2. Pectinatella, _Leidy_ 235 38. burmanica, _Annandale_ 235 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE VOLUME. Although some zoologists have recently revived the old belief that the sponges and the coelenterates are closely allied, no one in recent times has suggested that there is any morphological relationship between either of these groups and the polyzoa. Personally I do not think that any one of the three groups is allied to any other so far as anatomy is concerned; but for biological reasons it is convenient to describe the freshwater representatives of the three groups in one volume of the "Fauna." Indeed, I originally proposed to the Editor that this volume should include an account not only of the freshwater species, but of all those that have been found in stagnant water of any kind. It is often difficult to draw a line between the fauna of brackish ponds and marshes and that of pure fresh water or that of the sea, and this is particularly the case as regards the estuarine tracts of India and Burma.