E-text prepared by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive/American Libraries (http://www.archive.org/details/americana) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 35001-h.htm or 35001-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/35001/pg35001-images.html) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35001/35001-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/American Libraries. See http://www.archive.org/details/frictionlubricat00lewi Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by tilde characters is in bold face (~bold~). Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). FRICTION, LUBRICATION AND THE LUBRICANTS IN HOROLOGY. by W. T. LEWIS, Prest. Philadelphia Horological Society. Illustrated with Half-Tones and Drawings by the Author. Chicago: Geo. K. Hazlitt & Co. 1896. Copyrighted 1896, by W. T. Lewis. Copyrighted 1896, by Geo. K. Hazlitt & Co. CONTENTS. Page. INTRODUCTION, 7 CHAPTER I. Lubricants in Horology--their Source and Methods of Refinement, 9 CHAPTER II. Elementary Physics Relating to Friction and Lubrication, 21 CHAPTER III. Friction--its Nature and Theory, 29 CHAPTER IV. Application of the Laws of Friction and Lubrication in Horology, 43 CHAPTER V. The Properties and Relative Values of Lubricants in Horology, 61 INTRODUCTION. Many books have been written on the various escapements, describing their action, construction and proportion, and the laws governing the same; learned writers have contributed much valuable information on adjusting; excellent attachments for the various lathes have been invented; and factories have expended fortunes to produce machinery of wonderful construction to finish all the parts of a watch in the most approved manner; but all this scientific research, all this painstaking effort, all this care and labor, are rendered abortive by the maker or repairer of a time piece if he does not thoroughly understand and apply the physical laws which govern the science of lubrication. Many a watch, or chronometer, most excellent in all other respects, has come to an untimely end by an almost criminal neglect on the part of its maker to provide against wear in its various parts by such construction as would retain the oil at the places needed.