Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
Instead of ready-made faculties Froebel recognizes possibilities,
conditions, which will remain possibilities if the necessary stimulus is
not forthcoming, for in noting how the mother talks to her infant, though
she is obliged to confess that there can be no understanding of her
words, he says the mother’s instinctive action is right:
“for that which will one day develop, and which must originate,
begins and must begin when as yet nothing exists but the
conditions, the possibility.”--_P., p. 40._
Elsewhere he asks:
“Is it to be supposed that in the child the capacity for
becoming a complete human being is contained less than in the
acorn is contained the capacity to become a strong, vigorous
and complete oak?”--_P., p. 62._
And he speaks of how the mother appeals to the infant as
“understanding, perceptive and capable, for where there is not
the germ of something, that something can never be called forth
and appear.”--_P., p. 31._
It is true that in the same passage in which he speaks of “the tenderest
growth of mind,” he does speak of mental powers (Geisteskräfte),
as indeed every one does, but a few lines above he has spoken of
“the cultivation of the mental power of the child in different
directions.”[10] Besides, the mental powers to which he here alludes, and
which are to be awakened and fostered in the infant, are the powers “to
compare, to infer, to judge, to think.”--_P., p. 57._ Here, too, Froebel
gives a description of what he means by memory, and it is clearly not a
separate faculty considered apart from another faculty, viz. imagination:
“The plays carried on with the ball awaken and exercise the
power of the child’s mind to place again before himself
mentally a vanished object, to see it mentally even when the
outer perception is gone; these games awaken and practise the
power of re-presenting, of remembering, of holding fast in
remembrance an object formerly present, of again thinking of
it; that is, they foster the memory.”--_P., p. 57._
So even the infant is to think, and the progress is well described in the
Mother Plays as
“from experience of a thing, joined with thought about it, up
to pure thought.”--_M., p. 121._
In a lecture[11] given many years ago, Dr. Ward sought to drive home to
teachers the futility of this hard and fast line between sense training
and training to think. And there are some interesting parallels between
Dr. Ward’s metaphors here and Froebel’s writing in “The Education of
Man.” Dr. Ward said:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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