Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
Even in the infant, however, this instinct or impulse to activity is
devoted to “penetrating what is outer,” and the Kindergarten, meant for
children from three to six, is intended to foster the three instincts,
activity, investigation and construction, as well as to cultivate the
social instinct by placing a little child among his equals. Froebel
describes it in his plan as:
“An Institution for fostering of family life and for shaping
the life of the nation and human life generally, through
cultivating the human instincts of activity, of investigation
(Forschungstrieb), and of construction in the child, as a
member of the family, of the nation, and of humanity.…”--_P.,
p. 6._
As regards the child, the word Trieb, which is exactly equal to impulse,
seems to be applied only in one other direction, to what we would call
the social instinct, and here again Froebel shows his recognition of the
vagueness and indefiniteness of early consciousness. As he attributes to
the infant the one impulse to activity which differentiates later into
Investigation and Construction, so in the infant he recognizes a “feeling
of community” (Gesammtgefühl), but says that it differentiates later into
something more definite.[33]
“The development of man constitutes an unbroken whole, steadily
and continuously progressing, gradually ascending. The feeling
of community (Gemeingefühl) awakened in the infant, develops
in the child into impulse, inclination (entwickelt sich in dem
Kinde der Trieb, die Neigung).”--_E., p. 95._
Under the important Instinct of Investigation, or the Instinct for
Self-Instruction, Froebel includes a great deal. Many different
activities until recently somewhat carelessly talked of collectively
as “play,” Froebel has separated and explained as the child’s way of
investigating his surroundings. Even “the earliest activity and first
action of the child,” Froebel says, shows “the instinct to self-teaching
and self-instruction.”
Imitative action or imitative play is always referred to as action which
helps towards understanding of the surroundings. In the “Mother Songs” we
read:
“Your child will certainly understand all the better if you
make him take a part--though it be only by imitation--in
what grown-up people are doing in their anxiety to maintain
life.…”--_M., p. 141._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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