Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
“If activity brought joy to the child, work now gives delight
to the boy. Hence the daring and venturesome feats of boyhood;
the explorations of caves and ravines; the climbing of trees
and mountains; the searching of heights and depths; the roaming
through fields and forests.… To climb a new tree means to
the boy the discovery of a new world.… Not less significant
of development is the boy’s inclination (Neigung) to descend
into caves and ravines, to ramble in the shady grove and dark
forest.”--_E., pp. 102-5._
Even the baby shows trace of the collecting or acquiring instinct, but to
Froebel this still falls under the head of investigation. The child who
has just learned to walk is:
“attracted by the bright round smooth pebble, by the quaint
brilliant leaf, by the smooth piece of wood, and he tries to
get hold of these with the help of the newly acquired use of
his limbs. Look at the child that can scarcely keep himself
erect and that can walk only with the greatest care--he sees
a twig, a bit of straw; painfully he secures it.… See the
child laboriously stooping and slowly going forward under the
eaves. The force of the rain has washed out of the sand small,
smooth, bright pebbles, and the ever-observing child gathers
them.”--_E., p. 72._
The boy, still only from six to eight years old, keeps up the collecting
habit with more method and with a wider range, and he demands assistance.
“Not less full of significance, nor less developing, is the
boy’s inclination to descend into caves and ravines, to ramble
in the shady grove and in the dark forest. It is _the effort_
(_Streben_) to seek and find the new, to see and discover the
hidden, the desire to bring to light and _to appropriate_ that
which lies concealed in darkness and shadow.
“From these rambles the boy returns with rich treasures of
unknown stones and plants, of animals--worms, beetles, spiders
and lizards, that dwell in darkness and concealment. ‘What
is this? What is its name?’ etc., are the questions to be
answered; and every new word enriches his world and throws
light upon his surroundings. Beware of greeting him with the
exclamation, ‘Fie, throw that down, that is horrid!’ or ‘Drop
that, it will bite you!’ If the child obeys, he drops and
throws away a considerable portion of his power.”--_E., p. 104._
This quotation brings us to another mode of investigation, that of asking
questions, which Froebel was not likely to miss.
“The child, your child, ye fathers, follows you wherever you
go. Do not harshly repel him. Show no impatience about his
ever-recurring questions. Every harshly repelling word crushes
a bud of his tree of life.… Question upon question comes from
the lips of the boy thirsting for knowledge--How? Why? When?
What for? and every satisfactory answer opens to him a new
world.”--_E., p. 86._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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